Effect of a Thai Folk Recipe on Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activities, and α‑Glucosidase Inhibition by Different Solvent Extracts

Context: Thai traditional medicine (TTM) has been widely use to treatment of various diseases. Aims: The aims of this study were determined on phytochemical screening, antioxidations, and α‑glucosidase inhibition by different solvent extractions. Materials and Methods: The five medicinal plants from a TTM recipe were extracted using aqueous, 50% ethanol and 95% ethanol. The phytochemical screening were determined on total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents. Their antioxidant activities were tested using by 2,2‑diphenyl‑1‑picrylhydrazy (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, 2,2‑azinobis‑(3‑ethylbenzothiazoline‑6‑sulfonate) (ABTS+) radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Glucose transferase mechanism was evaluated using by α‑glucosidase inhibitory assay. Results: The results found that the recipe was ingredient with TPC and TFC. The aqueous extract (AE) (47.955 ± 0.256 mgGE/gExt) was significantly highest amount on TPC while, the ethanolic extract (EE) (1.988 ± 0.038 mgQE/gExt) was showed significantly highest amount on TFC. The antioxidations, DPPH, and the AE (IC₅₀ = 0.227 ± 0.005) were significantly more potent on free radical scavenging. ABTS+, AE (IC₅₀ = 0.148 ± 0.007), Hydro‑ethanolic extract (HEE) (IC₅₀ = 0.161 ± 0.008), and EE (IC₅₀ = 0.151 ± 0.007) were not different on this method. FRAP, EE (12.681 ± 0.620 mgTE/gEt) were significantly more potent on cation radical reducing. The α‑Glucosidase inhibitory activity, AE (IC₅₀ = 0.021 ± 0.002 mg/mL) and HEE (IC₅₀ = 0.076 ± 0.003 mg/mL) were significantly more potent on EE (IC₅₀ = 0.292 ± 0.010 mg/mL) and Acarbose® (IC₅₀ = 1.05 ± 0.110 mg/mL). Conclusion: The study confirms traditional use of a Thai folk herbal plants on antioxidation and α‑glucosidase inhibition. The recipe was contained with also TPC and TFC might be more potential to antioxidant activities and anti‑α‑glucoxidase enzyme. Future study, we should be performed to clarify the mechanisms, major active compounds and in vivo.