Phytochemical Profiling, HPLC Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Lantana camara Flower and Leaf Extracts

Background: The current study aims to find the phytochemicals, antioxidants and amount of flavonoid present in different extracts of Lantana camara Linn. flower and leaf collected from in and around Bangalore University. Objectives: To determine the phytochemical composition of Lantana camara extracts, quantify their flavonoid content using RP-HPLC analysis, and evaluate the antioxidant properties of selected extracts through DPPH assay. Materials and Methods: The collected Lantana camara Linn. flowers and leaves were shade-dried and powdered. Extracts were prepared in increasing order of polarity (water/aqueous, methanol, chloroform, and petroleum ether) using Soxhlet extraction. Qualitative screening for phytochemicals was conducted following standard procedures. RP-HPLC analysis with rutin as standard was used to determine the total flavonoid content. DPPH assay was performed on aqueous and methanol extracts to assess antioxidant activity. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, and flavonoids across all extracts. Oxalates were present only in leaf extracts, while saponins were found exclusively in leaf extracts. RP-HPLC analysis showed that methanol flower extracts contained the highest flavonoid content (13.58 mg/g), whereas petroleum ether extracts had the lowest (0.093 mg/g). DPPH assay demonstrated that methanol extracts possessed greater antioxidant activity compared to aqueous extracts. Conclusion: This study provides comprehensive data on the phytochemical composition, flavonoid content, and antioxidant properties of different Lantana camara Linn. extracts. These findings suggest potential applications in medicine, particularly for treating diseases that require flavonoid-based interventions.