Modulatory Effects of Passiflora edulis on Liver Function, Lipid Profile and Adipokines in Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats

Background: This research explores the restorative effects of Passiflora edulis extract counter to liver damage and metabolic disruptions caused by a high-fructose diet in female Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The consumption of fructose resulted in increased levels of hepatic enzymes, signaling liver damage, along with notable changes in the lipid profile, including TG, TC and LDL and HDL all of which are characteristic of metabolic syndrome. Doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of the Passiflora edulis extract were administered to evaluate its therapeutic potential. Results: The results demonstrated that extract meaningfully dropped SGPT and SGOT levels, suggesting liver protection, particularly at the higher doses (500 and 1000 mg/ kg). However, the 250 mg/kg dose did not have a substantial outcome on ALP levels, indicating that a higher dosage is needed for optimal liver protection. Additionally, extract improved lipid profiles by falling TG, TC and LDL levels, while boosting HDL, indicating its potential to correct lipid imbalances associated with metabolic syndrome. At higher doses, extract also improved adipokines levels, increasing adiponectin and decreasing leptin and resistin, which are linked to better insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammation. Histopathological analysis showed that extract mitigated liver damage, with the most significant improvement observed at the 1000 mg/kg dose, where the liver tissue appeared almost normal. Conclusion: These results suggest that extract has beneficial effects on liver function and metabolic disturbances, predominantly at higher doses, positioning it as a hopeful substance for treating metabolic syndrome-related conditions. Subsequent studies are needed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms and assess the long-term effects of extract in metabolic diseases.