Antihypertensive Effect of Methanol Leaf Extract of Azadirachta indica is Mediated through Suppression of Renal Caspase 3 Expressions on Nω‑Nitro‑L‑Arginine Methyl Ester Induced Hypertension

Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale; Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi; Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi; Fisayo Ugbor; Ebunoluwa Racheal Asenuga; Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade; Jeremiah Moyinoluwa Afolabi; Blessing Seun Ogunpolu; Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi; Idayat Titilayo Gbadamos; Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies; Adebowale Bernard Saba; Anofi Ashafa; Momoh Audu Yakubu; Adeolu Alex Adedapo; Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju

Antihypertensive Effect of Methanol Leaf Extract of Azadirachta indica is Mediated through Suppression of Renal Caspase 3 Expressions on Nω‑Nitro‑L‑Arginine Methyl Ester Induced Hypertension

Articles

Abstract

Pharmacognosy Research,2020,12,4,460-465.

DOI:10.4103/pr.pr_10_20

Published:January 2021

Type:Original Article

Authors:

Author(s) affiliations:

Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale¹, Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi², Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi¹, Fisayo Ugbor¹, Ebunoluwa Racheal Asenuga², Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade², Jeremiah Moyinoluwa Afolabi¹, Blessing Seun Ogunpolu¹, Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi³, Idayat Titilayo Gbadamos⁴, Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies², Adebowale Bernard Saba³, Anofi Ashafa⁵, Momoh Audu Yakubu⁶, Adeolu Alex Adedapo⁴, Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju⁷

¹Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, NIGERIA.

²Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, NIGERIA.

³Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, NIGERIA.

⁴Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Qwaqwa Campus, University of the Free State, SOUTH AFRICA.

⁵Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, NIGERIA.

⁶Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vascular Biology Unit, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, COPHS, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA.

⁷Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, SOUTH AFRICA.

Abstract:

Background: Azadirachta indica (AI) Adr Juss (Meliaceae), known as neem, has been used traditionally for the treatment of various disease conditions including obesity and hypertension. Objective: The antihypertensive effect and mechanism of action of modulatory effect of AI were investigated after the induction of hypertension using Nω‑nitro‑L‑arginine methyl ester (L‑NAME). Materials and Methods: Five groups of ten rats divided as follows: Control; L‑NAME (40 mg/kg); L‑NAME + 100 mg/kg AI; L‑NAME and 200 mg/kg AI; and L‑NAME and Enalapril (25 mg/kg) were used. Results: following the application of L‑NAME, hypertension (elevated systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressures) and increased levels of oxidative stress markers were observed in rats. Immunohistochemistry showed increased caspase‑3 expressions in hypertensive rats compared to normotensive rats. Conversely, AI treatment resulted in restoration of physiological antioxidant status and normotension, comparable to the standard antihypertensive agent enalapril. Conclusion: AI leaf is a good candidate for the management of high blood pressure.