02200nas a2200241 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173260001600242300001400258490000700272520142700279653001901706653002001725653001601745653001101761653001901772653001301791100002301804700002701827700001701854700002501871856006201896 2025 eng d00aA Comprehensive Review of Crocus sativus L.: Botanical Characteristics, Phytochemical Composition, and Therapeutic Applications0 aComprehensive Review of Crocus sativus L Botanical Characteristi cAugust 2025 a1163-11700 v173 a

Known as saffron (syn. Kesar), Crocus sativus L., a member of the Iridaceae family, is mostly grown in Iran, though it is also grown in India and Greece. It is made from the dried red stigmas of the flower. Terpenes, terpene alcohols, and their esters make up the majority of the more than 150 volatile and aromatic substances that this plant produces. Picrocrocin and safranal are responsible for the characteristic bitter taste and hay-like or iodoform-like scent of saffron, respectively. Anti-hypertensive, anti-convulsant, anti-tussive, anti-genotoxic, cytotoxic, anxiolytic, aphrodisiac, antioxidant, anti-depressant, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and smooth muscle relaxant properties are only a few of the many pharmacological activity that Crocus sativus demonstrated. Additionally, it has been demonstrated to improve cognitive abilities including memory and learning as well as ocular perfusion by boosting blood flow to the retina and choroid. The historical use, phytochemical profile, pharmacodynamic characteristics, medicinal uses, possible adulterants and replacements, and toxicity data related to Crocus sativus L. are all extensively examined in this extensive review. In addition, it covers the qualitative chemical tests, pharmaceutical formulations, and analytical assessment that are relevant to its standardization and quality control.

10aAnticonvulsant10aAntinociceptive10aAphrodisiac10aCrocin10aCrocus sativus10aSafranal1 aSharma, Mahavir, M1 aBrahmbhatt, HarshKumar1 aKhare, Salaj1 aShah, Kautuukumar, P uhttps://phcogres.com/article/2025/17/4/105530pres20252301