@article {1395, title = {Bioactive Constituents of Curcuma amada Roxb. Rhizome and its Antimicrobial Activity against Food Spoilage Microorganisms}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {581-587}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {581}, abstract = {

Background: Curcuma amada Roxb. is popularly known as mango ginger due to its morphological similarity to ginger but has raw mango characteristics. It is well known for its several medicinal and pharmacological activities. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of different extracts of Curcuma amada Roxb. rhizome and its phytochemical screening using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial activity of different C. amada rhizome extracts (acetone, hexane, ethanol and aqueous) were screened against spoilage bacteria and fungi using agar well diffusion method. The spoilage bacteria included Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter mori, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus inaquosorum, while the spoilage fungi included Penicillium citrinum, Alternaria alstroemeriae, Aspergillus welwitschiae, Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus aflatoxiformans. Results: C. amada rhizome ethanolic extract showed significant inhibitory activity against spoilage microorganisms at 10 mg/mL. MIC values for spoilage bacteria ranged from 0.5 to 5 mg/mL, whereas for spoilage fungi were 0.75 to 10 mg/mL. GC-MS analysis of ethanolic extract identified seven compounds viz. Linoleic acid ethyl ester, (E)-9-Octadecanoic acid ethyl ester, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Dotriacontane, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol and Octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester. Conclusion: The rhizome of Curcuma amada is a rich source of phytochemicals and has an antagonistic effect on food spoilage bacteria and fungi. The chemical constituents present in C. amada rhizome extract indicated antimicrobial potency against spoilage microorganisms that can be utilized in food preservation.

}, keywords = {Antimicrobial activity, Curcuma amada, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Rhizome extracts}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252063}, author = {Rashmi Shahi and Suvarna V. Chavannavar and Veena S. Anil and Bharath Kumar N} } @article {200, title = {Anatomical Description and in vitro Evaluation of the Antibacterial Potential of Aristolochia esperanzae Kuntze (Aristolochiaceae) Extract on Oral Micro-organisms}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {424-429}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {424}, abstract = {

Background: Aristolochia esperanzae Kuntze (Aristolochiaceae) is a plant present in the Brazilian flora, with few studies in the dental area, but used in integrative therapies to treat some health problems. Objectives: The initial purpose was to make an anatomical description of A. esperanzae and then test its antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on specific oral micro-organisms-Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: For the pharmacognostic study, the samples were fixed in formaldehyde, acetic acid and 70\% ethyl alcohol and stored in 70\% ethanol. For the in vitro study, to obtain the essential oil (OE) and hydrolate, the plant material was mechanically macerated and subjected to hydrodistillation in Clevenger and then frozen until the time of testing. The EO was diluted in dimethylsulfoxide and the tests performed were agar diffusion (disc-diffusion) with isolated bacteria and MIC. A 0.12\% chlorhexidine digluconate solution was used as a positive control and 0.9\% sodium chloride as a negative. Results: The anatomical study showed the presence of hook-shaped trichomes and stomatal complexes. Regarding the microbiological results, they were negative for the extracts used. Conclusion: The anatomical findings may guide future studies related to the pharmacognostic properties of A. esperanzae and both OE and hydrolate did not have an antibacterial effect against S. mutans, P. gingivalis and E. faecalis.

}, keywords = {Antimicrobial activity, Dentistry, Essential oil, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Phytotherapy}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_52_20}, author = {Carlos Roberto Botelho-Filho and Gabriela Keiko Izumi and Juliana Campos Vieira and Fernanda Mara de Paiva Bertoli and Ant{\^o}nio Pedro Ricomini Filho and Leila Teresinha Maranho and Flares Baratto-Filho and Marilisa Carneiro Le{\~a}o Gabardo} } @article {70, title = {Evaluation of the Chemical Composition and Oral Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from the Leaves of Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) Landrum}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {February 2020}, pages = {65-70}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {65}, abstract = {

Background: Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus is a native species from Brazil, whose leaves are used in the traditional culture as medicinal plants, being reported with antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze and characterize the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) extracted from the leaves of P. pseudocaryophyllus, as well as to evaluate its potential for antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria inhabiting the human oral cavity. Materials and Methods: The extraction was performed by steam distillation and the chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial potential of the EO against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated by agar well diffusion method. Different dilutions of the EO (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.312, 0.156, 0.078, and 0.039\%, v/v) were tested against the micro-organisms in disk diffusion tests to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration. Results: The extraction yielded 0.65\% of EO in relation to fresh leaves of P. pseudocaryophyllus. GC-MS analysis identified eugenol, eucalyptol, and limonene as the major compounds of its. The material showed antimicrobial activity, especially against E. faecalis, with moderate activity against S. aureus, both at concentrations from 1.25\% to 10\%. Conclusion: The results suggested that this EO presents potential of activity against the oral micro-organisms here evaluated.

}, keywords = {Antimicrobial activity, Essential oil, eugenol, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Phytotherapy}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_83_19}, author = {Leila Teresinha Maranho and Elaine Cristina Rosas and Tha{\'\i}s Andrade Costa and Jo{\~a}o Luiz Coelho Ribas and Flares Baratto-Filho and Marilisa Carneiro Le{\~a}o Gabardo} } @article {899, title = {A Comparative Study: Antimicrobial Activity of Methanol Extracts of Lantana camara Various Parts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {1}, year = {2009}, month = {January 2010 }, pages = {348-351}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {348}, abstract = {

Finding new resources of antibiotics based on natural products used by traditional practitioners was the main aim to study extracts of root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae), a medicinal plant available in Malaysia. A panel of organisms including 10 bacteria and 5 fungi were treated by L. camara extracts of different parts based on disk diffusion method and broth microdilution technique. The leaf extract presented the highest antibiotic effect among all parts of plant especially against Gram positive Bacillus cereus (zone of inhibition 13.0 {\textpm} 0.0 mm, MIC/MBC 9.4 {\textpm} 4.4 mg/ml) and Gram negative Salmonella typhi (zone of inhibition 13.5 {\textpm} 2.1 mm, MIC/MBC 12.5 {\textpm} 0.0 mg/ml). In conclusion, this study may support the conventional use of leaf extract of L. camara in some infectious gastroenteritis disorders, a potential subject to further isolation and identification as a supply of antibacterial substances.

}, keywords = {Antimicrobial activity, Broth Microdilution, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Lantana camara, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Zone of Inhibition}, doi = {Nil}, author = {Badakhshan Mahdi Pour and Sasidharan Srinivasan and Rameshwar Naidu Jegathambigai and Ramanathan Suresh} }