@article {1205, title = {Quality Control and Acute Toxicity Study of Habb-i-Hayat (Unani Formulation) in Albino Wistar Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {98-109}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {98}, abstract = {

Background: Several reports acknowledge that herbal products produce toxicities due to their poor quality. Hence, the worldwide promotion of traditional medicines is not at par due to a lack of quality control and safety aspects. Habb-i-Hayat, a Unani formulation, is used for the treatment of various bodily ailments. Aim: The present study was aimed at evaluating the quality control and acute toxicity of Habb-i-Hayat. Materials and Methods: The standardization and quality control study of Habb-i-Hayat, including organoleptic characters, physicochemical properties, qualitative phytochemical evaluation, microbial load, aflatoxins and heavy metals analysis, and HPTLC, were carried out. The acute toxicity study of the same was carried out at three dose levels following OECD guidelines 423. Results: The quality control findings of Habb-i-Hayat, including by weight variation, hardness, friability, moisture content, ash values, swelling index, etc., were found within the normal limits. The TBC and TFC were found within the permissible limits. The heavy metal analysis report showed that the heavy metals, including lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury, were present within the permissible limits. The number of peaks, Rf values, and area under the curve found in the HPTLC study may be used for identification and quality of Habb-i- Hayat. The toxicity data of Habb-i-Hayat revealed that it produces some serious toxic control effects including death at higher doses. The LD50 of Habb-i-Hayat was found to be 2500 mg/kg b. w. for rats. Conclusion: The standardization and quality control reports of Habb-i-Hayat have suggested that the preparation, drying, and storage of Habb-i-Hayat followed standard operating procedures. Moreover, the findings of standardization and quality control of Habb-i-Hayat may be referred in future. The acute toxicity profile of Habb-i-Hayat has confirmed that this important Unani formulation may be safely used at therapeutic dose levels.

}, keywords = {Acute toxicity, Habb-i-Hayat, Quality control, Standardization, Unani formulation}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.1.12}, author = {Ifra Qayoom and Athar Parvez Ansari and Ansari Huzaifa and Mohd Musaib Bhat and Bazilah Majeed Reshi and Pankaj Goswami and Noman Anwar} } @article {204, title = {Acute Toxicity and Cytogenotoxicity of Yangambin Isolated from Ocotea duckei Vattimo-Gil}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {444-449}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {444}, abstract = {

Background: Yangambin, a lignan isolated from Ocotea duckei leaves, has been reported to have antitumor, anxiolytic, hypotensive, and leishmanicidal activity, but there is little information on toxicity. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity of yangambin in mice, and cytotoxicity and genotoxicity through the Allium cepa assay. Materials and Methods: The yanganbin at a dose of 2000 mg/kg was orally administered once to mice to investigate acute toxicity, and meristem of the roots of Allium cepa was used to determine inhibition of root growth (root length) and mitotic index. Results: Yangambin did not cause hemolysis in sheep erythrocytes at concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 50 {\textmu}g/mL, and did not show genotoxic changes in root meristem cells of Allium cepa at the same concentrations. In the acute toxicity study in Swiss mice at a dose of 2000 mg/kg, there were no apparent clinical signs or any behavioral changes and no deaths. Conclusion: Therefore, yangambin appears to a promising active compound for future pharmacological studies.\ 

}, keywords = {Acute toxicity, Allium cepa, Lauraceae}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_73_20}, author = {Maria Isabel de Assis Lima Castro and Marta Gerusa Soares de Lucena and Camilla Vila Nova Soares Silva and Yhasminie Karine da Silva Xavier and Jos{\'e} Maria Barbosa Filho and Maria Madalena Rocha Silva Teles and Laisla Rangel Peixoto and Ivone Ant{\^o}nia de Souza and Eliete Cavalcanti da Silva} } @article {67, title = {Phytochemical Screening, Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicity of Aqueous Extract from a Mixture of Some Recipe of Herniaria glabra L., Opuntia ficus-indica, Zea mays L. and Zizyphus lotus L. Used Traditionally against Renal Lithiases}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {February 2020}, pages = {60-64}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {60}, abstract = {

Introduction: Antiurolithiatic plants are used since ancient times, in the form of decoction, infusion, or juice, to eliminate kidney stones and to prevent their recurrence. On the basis of the available ethnopharmacological information, more scientific studies are needed to explore natural and safe antiurolithiatic compounds. Materials and Methods: The present work showed phytochemical screening, acute and sub-acute toxicity of aqueous extract of four plant{\textquoteright}s mixture: Aerial part (branches, flowers and leaves) of Herniaria glabra, flowers of Opuntia ficus-indica, Zea mays styles and fruits of Zizyphus lotus used traditionally against renal lithiases. Phytochemical screening was performed using qualitative methods. To measure acute toxicity, rats were administered orally by single doses of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 2.0 g/kg body weight (b. w.) of extract of plant{\textquoteright}s mixture. General behavior adverse effects and mortality were determined during 15 days. For sub-acute study, the aqueous extract was administered at 100 mg/kg b. w. for 28 days to Wistar rats. Animals were monitored daily after an oral administration of aqueous extract of the mixture to detect any changes in b. w., behavior, autonomic profiles, or mortality. Calculation of relative organ weight (ROW) and biochemical analysis were carried out. Results: The acute oral toxicity study showed no mortality and no statistically significant decrease in b. w. and ROW of the treated groups of rats when compared to the control group was observed. In biochemical analysis, there was a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, and uric acid. Conclusion: This study found that aqueous extract of traditional recipe used against renal lithiasis in Fes-Meknes region containing: Flavonoids, tannins, catechic tannins, coumarins and the glycosides. The results of the acute and sub-acute toxicity studies indicated that the recipe extracts induce a slight hepatotoxic effects in rats treated orally with 100 mg/kg (b. w.).

}, keywords = {Acute toxicity, Biochemical parameters, Four plant{\textquoteright}s mixture, Phytochemical screening, Sub-acute toxicity, Toxicological evaluation}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_89_19}, author = {Noufissa Touiti and Dalila Bousta and Smahane Boukhira and Mohamed Chebaibi and Sanae Achour} } @article {90, title = {Acute Toxicity of Flower Extracts from Dolichandrone serrulata in Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {August 2019}, pages = {230-235}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {230}, abstract = {

Context: Dolichandrone serrulata flowers are widely used as vegetables in northern and eastern Thailand. However, there is no report on the toxicities of this plant. Objective: The present study was aimed to determine the acute toxicity of aqueous flower extracts from D. serrulata in ICR mice. Materials and Methods: The extract at dose of 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/kg was orally administered once to mice in order to investigate an acute toxicity. Results: The extract did not produce any sign or symptom of toxicity. Dead mouse was not found within the first 24 h and for further 14 days. The body weight increased in comparison to the controls. However, the relative organ weight between the treated and control mice was not different. The hematological values were not altered by the treatment of the extracts. The liver function parameters including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase among treated mice were not different. The extract did not alter the kidney function parameters (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine). The lipid profiles in treated mice were not changed in comparison to the controls. In addition, histopathological features of the liver and kidney are not altered by the administration of the extracts. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the maximum dose of D. serrulata flower extracts (2000 mg/kg) does not cause the acute toxicity in male and female mice.

}, keywords = {Acute toxicity, Aqueous extracts, Dolichandrone serrulata, Flower, Mice.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_42_19}, author = {Teeraporn Katisart and Ampa Konsue} } @article {250, title = {Evaluation of Acute Toxicity of Plants{\textquoteright} Mixture Used in Traditional Treatment of Kidney Diseases in Morocco}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {April,2019}, pages = {155-161}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {155}, abstract = {

Background: The use of plants{\textquoteright} mixture in the traditional treatment of kidney diseases in Morocco is widespread. Objective: To evaluate the toxic effects of plants{\textquoteright} mixture used in the traditional treatment of kidney diseases in Morocco. Materials and Methods: The phytochemical screening was performed. For acute toxicity, single doses of low dose (300 mg/kg), medium dose (500 mg/kg), high dose (2000 mg/kg), lethal dose (6000 mg/kg), and traditional dose (10 ml/kg) body weight of aqueous extracts of plants{\textquoteright} mixture were administered orally in Wistar rats. Animals were monitored daily for at least 15 days after an oral administration of aqueous extract of the mixture to detect any changes in body weight, behavior, autonomic profiles, or mortality. Calculation of relative organ weight (ROW), hematological, biochemical analysis, and histopathology evaluation were carried out. Results: The acute oral toxicity study showed diarrhea, somnolence, and agitation of different groups of rats, while no mortality and no statistically significant decrease in body weight was observed. Statistically, the kidneys, liver, and spleen showed significant decrease in the ROW of the treated groups of rats when compared to the control group. In biochemical analysis, there was a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, and uric acid. Hematological parameters showed a significant decrease in leukocytes, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocytes, monocytes, and hematocrit. Histopathological evaluation which revealed major histology changes of liver sections of rats treated with low and medium doses had lymphocyte and plasma cell inflammatory infiltrates; whereas, the liver sections of rats treated with high, lethal, and traditional doses exhibited lymphocyte, plasma cell, and eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrates. Conclusion: The study finds that the plants{\textquoteright} mixture marketed by herbalists for the treatment of kidney diseases is toxic to body organs such as the liver and the hematopoietic system.

}, keywords = {Acute toxicity, Biochemical parameters, Hematological analysis, Histopathological evaluation, Plants{\textquoteright} mixture.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_191_18}, author = {Mohamed Chebaibi and Dalila Bousta and Laila Chbani and Imane Iken and Sanae Achour} } @article {330, title = {Potential Roles of Kleinhovia hospita L. Leaf Extract in Reducing Doxorubicin Acute Hepatic, Cardiac and Renal Toxicities in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {April 2017}, pages = {168-173}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {168}, abstract = {

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapy agent; however, its use may lead to cardiac, hepatic, and renal dysfunction. Kleinhovia hospita L extract contains antioxidant compounds that have been shown to reduce chemical-induced hepatotoxicity. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the protective effects of Kleinhovia sp. extract to reduce DOX acute toxicities. Materials and Methods: Thirty male rats were assigned to the following groups: Group I as controls, Group II was given DOX i.p. injection (25 mg/kg); Groups III, IV, and V were treated with Kleinhovia sp. extract 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg orally for 5 days, respectively, prior to DOX i.p. injection. After 24 h, blood and organs were analyzed for biomarker levels and histopathological changes. Results: DOX treatment in Group II significantly increased creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and urea levels compared to controls. Kleinhovia sp. extract at any given dose significantly improved ALT and AST; yet, CK-MB levels only reduced with 250 mg/kg dose (Group IV). Urea and creatinine levels in Kleinhovia sp. groups were also lower compared to DOX-treated rats, but it was not significant. Histopathological analysis showed improved liver, heart, and renal tissue structures in Kleinhovia sp-treated rats, especially at higher doses. Conclusion: Kleinhovia sp. extract at any dose given protected the rats from liver toxicity, but only at dose 250 mg/kg reduced cardiac toxicity. Although renal biomarkers were insignificantly lower, renal architecture was improved with Kleinhovia sp. treatment.

}, keywords = {Acute toxicity, Doxorubicin, Kleinhovia sp. extract}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_129_16}, author = {Yulia Yusrini Djabir and M Aryadi Arsyad and Sartini Sartini and Subehan Lallo} } @article {753, title = {Evaluation of acute toxicity and hepatoprotective activity of the methanolic extract of Dichrostachys cinerea (Wight and Arn.) leaves}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {3}, year = {2011}, month = {April 2011}, pages = {40-43}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {40}, abstract = {

Background:D. cinerea\ are the chief source of drug compounds that are active against various ailments such as jaundice, inflammations rheumatism, fever, asthma, body ache, chest problems, toothache, ulcers, wounds, eye diseases and have an aphrodisiac property. In present study, It was aimed to test the hepatoprotective activity of the plant.\ Material and Methods:\ The methanolic extract of\ Dichrostachys cinerea\ (Mimoseae) leaves was subjected to evaluation of acute toxicity and hepatoprotective property, using albino mice and rats. The parameters for estimation of liver function, based on serum markers such as total bilirubin, total protein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase with histopathological profile of the liver tissue, were studied consequently.\ Results:\ The methanolic extract did not show any mortality up to a dose of 3500 mg/kg body weight. The methanolic extract showed significant hepatoprotectivity. The histopathological profile of the drug-treated liver tissue demonstrated similar morphology as that of controls.\ Conclusions:\ Methanolic extract of Dichrostachys cinerea was found to have significant hepatoprotective activity.

}, keywords = {Acute toxicity, carbon tetrachloride induced, Dichrostachys cinerea, Hepatoprotective}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.79114}, author = {P Suresh Babu and V Krishna and KR Maruthi and K Shankarmurthy and Ramesh K Babu} }