@article {203, title = {Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial-Guided Fractionation, and Thin-Layer Chromatographic Pattern of the Extract Obtained from Diploknema butyracea}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {437-443}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {437}, abstract = {

Objective: Diploknema butyracea (family: Sapotaceae), commonly known as the Indian butter tree or Chyuri, is habitat to Nepal and distributed from Garhwal to Sikkim up to Bhutan. This study was aimed to investigate and examine the qualitative phytochemical screening, antibacterial-guided fractionation, and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) pattern of the D. butyracea bark extracts. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical screening of D. butyracea extract was carried out by different chemical tests. Normal-phase TLC was conducted by using different solvent system to investigate the presence of phytochemicals. Antibacterial activity on different fractions of methanolic bark extract was determined by the agar disc diffusion method. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloid, tannin, and flavonoid in barks; alkaloid and flavonoid in flowers; and alkaloid, tannin, and steroid in leaves. Among the different fractions of bark extracts, the acetone fraction was found to be most effective against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, whereas the highest sensitivity against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli was shown by n-butanol fraction. Both fractions showed a zone of inhibition of 15 mm at the concentration of 1 mg extract per disc. TLC of the bark extract confirmed the presence of prominently visible compounds at ethyl acetate fraction. Conclusion: Isolated compounds from dried barks of D. butyracea could be the cradle of the new useful drug.

}, keywords = {Antibacterial, Diploknema butyracea, Phytochemicals, Thin-layer chromatography}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_27_20}, author = {Supriya Tiwari and Samjhana Nepal and Shraddha Sigdel and Sarju Bhattarai and Rabindra Kumar Rokaya and Jitendra Pandey and Ram Bahadur Khadka and Pramod Aryal and Ravin Bhandari} } @article {273, title = {Pharmacognostic Specifications and Lawsone Content of Lawsonia inermis Leaves}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {February 2017}, pages = {60-64}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {60}, abstract = {

Background: Lawsonia inermis L. has been used as a traditional or folk medicine for the treatment of a wide range of skin infectious diseases. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacognostic specifications and lawsone contents of L. inermis leaves. Materials and Methods: The pharmacognostic specifications of L. inermis leaves from 12 sources were evaluated according to the WHO guideline of quality control method for medicinal plant materials. The lawsone contents were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) coupled with densitometry and image analysis. Results: Microscopic evaluation of L. inermis powders showed the fragment of mesophyll, fragment of parenchyma, epidermis layer with stomata, and the rosette crystal of calcium oxalate. Physicochemical parameters revealed that total ash, acid-insoluble ash, loss on drying, and water content should be not \<6.98, 1.12, 8.08, and 9.86\% of dried weight, respectively, whereas ethanol and water extractive values should be not \< 19.67 and 23.06\% of dried weight, respectively. The content of lawsone in L. inermis leaves by TLC-densitometry was found to be 0.76 {\textpm} 0.05 g/100 g of dried crude drug, whereas the lawsone content evaluation by TLC image analysis was found to be 0.87 {\textpm} 0.11 g/100 g of dried crude drug. The validation of the methods revealed that both TLC-densitometry and TLC image analysis showed a good sensitivity and accuracy for lawsone quantitation in L. inermis. Conclusion: The pharmacognostic specifications could be used as the standardization data of L. inermis leaves, and the development of TLC method could be applied to determine lawsone content in this plant material.

}, keywords = {Lawsone, Lawsonia inermis L, Pharmacognostic specification, Thin-layer chromatography}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.199775}, author = {Rawiwan Charoensup and Thidarat Duangyod and Chanida Palanuvej and Nijsiri Ruangrungsi} }