@article {1472, title = {Critical Review on Phytoconstituents and Pharmacological Activity of Glycyrrhiza Glabra}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {June 2025}, pages = {1-10}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

For a very long time, plants have been used extensively to treat both humans and animals. Herbal medications, health products, and pharmaceuticals are in greater demand. A small perennial herb in the Fabaceae/Leguminosae family, Licorice is scientifically known as Glycyrrhiza glabra. The plant is widely recognized for having a sweet taste. The Plant{\textquoteright}s sweetness is imparted by a substance called glycyrrhizin. Glycyrrhiza glabra is composed of various compounds such as isoliquiritin, glycyrrhizin acid, isoflavones, and glycyrrhizin. Numerous pharmacological actions have been documented for these substances, such as expectorant, anticancer, antiulcer, demulcent, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Historically, licorice has been used to cure a variety of ailments, such as epilepsy, hyperdipsia, fever, stomach ulcers, rheumatism, respiratory conditions, jaundice, hemorrhagic diseases, paralysis, skin conditions, and sexual debility. Additionally, it has been used as an anti-inflammatory during allergic reactions and as a preventative measure against gastric and duodenal ulcers. These properties make Glycyrrhiza glabra a promising candidate for future drug development. Its potential therapeutic benefits and safety profile, however, require further study.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Expectorant, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Glycyrrhizin, Licorice}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252181}, author = {Aastha Shakya and Kaushal Kumar} } @article {188, title = {Effect of Geraniol and Clarithromycin Combination against Gastric Ulcers Induced by Acetic Acid and Helicobacter pylori in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {November,2019}, pages = {356-362}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {356}, abstract = {

Background: Previous work showed geraniol to have anti-Helicobacter pylori activity in vivo and in vitro. Further, it has augmented the anti-H. pylori activity of clarithromycin in vitro. Objective: Geraniol and clarithromycin combination was investigated for anti-ulcer and anti-H. pylori activity in rats. Materials and Methods: Ulcers were induced by injecting acetic acid into the subserosal layer of the stomach followed by intragastric inoculation of H. pylori for 7 days. Geraniol (30 mg/kg) and a drug combination (geraniol, 30 mg/kg and clarithromycin, 25 mg/kg) were administered twice daily for 14 days, and parameters were measured at the end of treatment. Results: Geraniol alone or in combination with clarithromycin significantly (P \< 0.05) lowered the ulcer index and improved the curative ratio. Histopathological examination showed a significant reduction (P \< 0.05) in the ulcer score in the geraniol and geraniol{\textendash}clarithromycin treated animals compared with the ulcer controls. Both the treatment groups showed significant (P \< 0.05) increase in the glutathione level and reduction in the malondialdehyde, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α level in the gastric mucosa compared to control group. Both produced a 50\% reduction in the rapid urease test, which is further confirmed using modified Giemsa staining. Conclusion: Geraniol, alone or in combination with clarithromycin, showed a significant ulcer healing effect which was associated with anti-H. pylori, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects in the gastric mucosa. However, the effects of the geraniol and clarithromycin combination were not significantly different from the effects of geraniol alone in this model.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Antiulcer, Anti-inflammatory, Clarithromycin, Geraniol, Helicobacter pylori.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_21_19}, author = {Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra and Lee Peng Hooi and Lai Pey Shyan and Lee Boon Chieh and Mayuren Candasamy and Priyadarshi Soumyaranjan Sahu} } @article {362, title = {Review on Polygonum minus. Huds, a commonly used food additive in Southeast Asia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {December 2014}, pages = {1-6}, type = {Review article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Polygonum minus (Polygonaceae), generally known as {\textquoteleft}kesum{\textquoteright} in Malaysia is among the most commonly used food additive, flavoring agent and traditionally used to treat stomach and body aches. Raw or cooked leaves of P. minus are used in digestive disorders in the form of a decoction and the oil is used for dandruff. The pharmacological studies on P. minus have demonstrated antioxidant, in vitro LDL oxidation inhibition, antiulcer activity, analgesic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, in vitro antiplatelet aggregation activity, antimicrobial activity, digestive enhancing property and cytotoxic activity. The spectroscopic studies of essential oil of P. minus showed the presence of about 69 compounds, which are responsible for the aroma. The phytochemical studies showed presence of flavonoids and essential oils. This review is an effort to update the botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological data of the plant P. minus.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Antiulcer, Phytoconstituents, Polygonum.}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.147125}, author = {Parayil Varghese Christapher and Subramani Parasuraman and Josephine Maria Arokiaswamy Christina and Mohd. Zaini Asmawi and Murugaiyah Vikneswaran} } @article {911, title = {Effect of Bark Extract and Gum Exudate of Commiphora Caudata on Aspirin Induced Ulcer in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {1}, year = {2009}, month = {January 2010 }, pages = {375-380}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {375}, abstract = {

Commiphora caudata is used in Indian folk medicine as an antiulcerogenic agent. Despite of its promising use, there has been no scientific report present regarding its antiulcer activity. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the antiulcer activity of bark extract and gum exudate of commiphora caudata on aspirin induced ulcer in rats. Acute toxicity study was performed and 200 mg/kg was selected as an effective dose. Four groups of Albino Swiss rats were included in this study. Aspirin suspended in 0.5 \% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was given orally to group 1 rats as a negative control group. Group 2 and group 3 animals received methanolic extract and gum exudate of commiphora caudata respectively. Sucralfate was given orally to group 4 animals as a positive control. The methanolic extract of commiphora caudata has been found to reduce total acidity as much as by sucralfate. However, it has not changed the fluid secretion. The gum preparation not only reduced the total acidity but also considerably reduce the gastric fluid secretion. In case of ulcer score sucralfate, methanolic extract and the gum have produced the low ulcer score compared to aspirin. Increased gastric mucosal protective mechanism by bark extract and gum exudate is probably due to the presence of some active principles present in the plant. However, further investigations are required to elucidate their exact mechanism of anti-ulcer activity.

}, keywords = {Antiulcer, Aspirin, Bark extract, Commiphora caudata, Gum exudate, Sucralfate}, doi = {Nil}, author = {Nanthakumar R and Stephen Ambrose S and Sriram E and Babu G and Chitra K and Uma maheswara Reddy C} }