@article {182, title = {Chromatographic Profiles, Anti-inflammatory, and Cytotoxicity Potential of Extracts of Banisteriopsis pubipetala (A. Juss)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {November,2019}, pages = {339-345}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {339}, abstract = {

Background: Banisteriopsis pubipetala is a little-studied species belonging to the same genus of B. caapi, which stands out for the bioactive compounds known to be important in the degenerative diseases treatment. Objective: The objective is to analyze the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic potential and chromatographic profile of the extracts of B. pubipetala. Materials and Methods: The investigation of the chromatographic profile was performed through high-performance liquid chromatography diode-array detector. Cell viability was determined by a quantitative colorimetric assay with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. In the pharmacological tests, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-10, and nitric oxide (NO) levels in cell culture supernatants were performed. Results: In the leaf were observed nine major compounds and in the stem five major compounds. The extracts of B. pubipetala demonstrated concentration-dependent behavior regarding cytotoxicity. The fraction in dichloromethane had inhibitory concentration of 50\% (IC50) = 67.39 μg/mL whereas the extract in ethyl acetate had IC50 = 103.37 μg/mL. The results showed that extracts significantly reduced the production of IL-6 and TNF-α by cells 3T3 cells, however increased the production of IL-10 and NO. Conclusion: The results of the tests indicate that the extracts of B. pubipetala evaluated have potential anti-inflammatory properties and may promote the regulation of inflammation levels.

}, keywords = {Banisteriopsis pubipetala, Interleukin-10, Interleukin-6, Malpighiaceae, Nitric oxide, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_71_19}, author = {Jeane Ferreira Leal de Freitas and Fl{\'a}via Dayrell Fran{\c c}a and M{\'\i}riam Martins Chaves and Elytania Veiga Menezes and Afr{\^a}nio Farias de Melo J{\'u}nior and Dario Alves de Oliveira and Clarice Avelar Almeida and Kamylla Santos Teixeira and Murilo Malveira Brand{\~a}o and Vanessa de Andrade Royo} } @article {264, title = {Saponin of Momordica cymbalaria Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Activity by Suppressing the Expression of Inflammatory Mediators in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {February,2019}, pages = {8-13}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {8}, abstract = {

Background: Inflammation is an intricate biological process that commonly occurs in response to pathologic stimuli, and natural products have potential in healing inflammation. However, the anti-inflammatory of Momordica cymbalaria is not evaluated yet. Objectives: The anti-inflammatory mechanism of saponin of M. cymbalaria (SMC) was investigated in bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cell line. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxicity of SMC on RAW264.7 cells was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay at 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.625, 7.812, 3.906, and 1.953 μg/mL. For anti-inflammatory activity, RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with Escherichia coli LPS (1 μg/ml) in the presence or absence of SMC (50 μg/ml) for 16{\textendash}24 h. Western blotting was carried to comprehend the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) whereas expressions of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). NO production was estimated by Griess{\textquoteright}s method. Salicylic acid, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was used as a standard. Results: The saponin did not exert significant cytotoxicity on RAW264.7 cells. Western blot analysis revealed reduction in COX-2 and iNOS expression on SMC treatment. Production of PGE2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α was also found to be reduced when analyzed by ELISA. NO levels were also lowered. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the SMC possesses potential anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the expression of inflammatory mediators, COX-2, iNOS, PGE2, and NO, and the cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.

}, keywords = {Cyclooxygenase-2, Inducible nitric oxide synthase, Interleukin-1 beta, Momordica cymbalaria, Prostaglandin E2, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_130_18}, author = {Suman Samaddar and Raju Koneri} }