@article {108, title = {Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Elucidation and Antipsoriatic Activity on Developed Herbal Formulations from Carissa congesta, Catharanthus roseus, Annona squamosa, and Polyalthia longifolia Plant Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2020}, pages = {163-168}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {163}, abstract = {

Background: Annonaceae and Apocynaceae families are known for their plethora of pharmacotherapeutic potential. Objectives: To evaluate antipsoriatic potential (ultraviolet [UV]-induced photodermatitis and tail model) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) studies on developed formulations from the plant extracts. Materials and Methods: Formulations of ethanolic extracts of Carissa congesta and Catharanthus roseus and petroleum ether extracts of Annona squamosa and Polyalthia longifolia were evaluated for antipsoriatic activity (UV-induced photodermatitis and tail model) at 250 and 500 mg/ kg. GC-MS studies were done subsequently after 6 months. Formulation batches were tested by different tests, viz., pH, viscosity, spreadability, washability, homogeneity, grittiness, drug content, Sudan red, bleeding, and sensitivity tests. Results: Histopathology studies indicated the absence of Munro{\textquoteright}s microabscess, regular elongation of rete ridges, capillary loop dilatation, granular cell layer, and prominent parakeratosis at 500 mg/kg. Formulations of the plant extracts did not reveal toxic components by GC-MS interpretation. No greasiness was observed during washing. Uniform homogeneity was observed with neither clumps nor large aggregates. The dispersed globules appeared red against colorless water background. Bleeding time was found to be stable during the experimentation. Conclusion: Developed topical plant formulations showed antipsoriatic potential on selected models. The GC-MS studies confirmed the presence of no drastic changes in the quantity of active constituents assuring its stability.

}, keywords = {Annona squamosa, Carissa congesta, Catharanthus roseus, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Polyalthia longifolia, Psoriasis}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_110_19}, author = {Bernadette Donald Matthews and Ankita Sajeev Patil and Gaurav Mahesh Doshi} } @article {62, title = {Phytochemical Screening and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Ethanol Extract of Scambiosa columbabria L.}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {February 2020}, pages = {35-39}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {35}, abstract = {

Background: Scambiosa columbabria L. is commonly known as the wild scabious and is used in South Africa to treat various ailments such as wound bruises, painful menstruation, heartburn, and colic. Despite its extensive traditional usage, the bioactive constituents of this plant are yet to be explored. Objective: The present study was carried out to identify the bioactive constituents of the ethanol extract of S. columbabria by phytochemical screening and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Materials and Methods: Sixty grams of the powdered leaves was sequentially extracted by ethanol and later tested for preliminary phytochemical screening and further subjected to GC-MS analysis. Results: The results showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins in the extract. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 16 major compounds, with flavonoids (40.84\%) being the most represented chemical class. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the plant possesses compounds with biological activities and therefore justifies its traditional usage in the treatment of skin and other diseases.

}, keywords = {Biological activity, Diseases, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Phytochemical screening, Scambiosa columbabria}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_59_19}, author = {Idowu Jonas Sagbo and Ayuk Elizabeth Orock and Elizabeth Kola and Wilfred Otang-Mbeng} } @article {494, title = {Evaluation of Skin Anti-aging Potential of Citrus reticulata Blanco Peel}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {May 2016}, pages = {160-168}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {160}, abstract = {

Background: The peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco is traditionally used as tonic, stomachic, astringent, and carminative. It is also useful in skin care. Objective: To study the anti-aging potential of alcoholic extracts of C. reticulata Blanco peel using in vitro antioxidant and anti-enzyme assays. Materials and Methods: Plant extracts were obtained by Soxhlation (CR HAE- Hot Alcoholic Extract of Citrus reticulata) and maceration method (CR CAE- Cold Alcoholic Extract of Citrus reticulata). Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis was performed. Further, in vitro antioxidant, anti-enzyme, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were performed. Results: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of CR HAE were found to be higher than CR CAE. EC50 value of CR HAE and CR CAE for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, Superoxide anion, and 2, 2{\textquoteright}-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays were 250.33 {\textpm} 40.16 μg/ml and 254.73 {\textpm} 15.78 μg/ml, 221.27 {\textpm} 11.25 μg/ml and 354.20 {\textpm} 23.79 μg/ml, and 59.16 {\textpm} 2.17 μg/ml and 59.12 {\textpm} 6.21 μg/ml, respectively. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity values for CR HAE and CR CAE were found to be 1243 and 1063 μmoles 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetra methylchromane-2-carboxylic acid equivalent/g of substance, respectively. Anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activities were evaluated for both CR HAE and CR CAE. EC50 values of CR HAE and CR CAE for anti-collagenase and anti-elastase were 329.33 {\textpm} 6.38 μg/ml, 466.93 {\textpm} 8.04 μg/ml and 3.22 {\textpm} 0.24 mg/ml, 5.09 {\textpm} 0.30 mg/ml, respectively. CR HAE exhibited stronger anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activity than CR CAE. GC-MS analysis of CR HAE was carried out because CR HAE exhibited higher antioxidant and anti-enzyme potential than CR CAE. Conclusion: C. reticulata peel can be utilized in anti-wrinkle skin care formulations.

}, keywords = {1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2, 2{\textquoteright}-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), anti-wrinkle, elastase, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, oxygen radical absorbance capacity}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.182913}, author = {Vinita D. Apraj and Nancy S. Pandita} }