@article {167, title = {Antioxidant Potential of Ethanolic Extract of Canavalia Species in High-fat Diet and Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {November,2019}, pages = {400-405}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {400}, abstract = {

Background: The present study is to enlighten the antioxidant effect of ethanolic seed extracts of Canavalia species in high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD + STZ)-induced diabetic screening model. Objectives: The dispute between free radicals and antioxidants plays a key role in causing alteration of normal physiological conditions. Inadequate antioxidant in body leads to multiple pathological diseases. Materials and Methods: Ethanolic seed extracts of Canavalia species have been investigated for its antioxidant activity in HFD + STZ-induced screening models. The potential of antioxidants on oxidative stress is measured through certain serum biomarkers such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase. Enzymatic markers include lipid peroxidation, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH). Enzymatic parameters were studied in liver and kidney homogenates by measuring these observed biomarkers. Results: SOD, GSH, and CAT were decreased in the diabetic group. However, restoration of SOD, GSH, and CAT levels by treatment with ethanolic seed extracts of Canavalia species was observed and tabulated. Histopathological studies of the pancreas of animals showed comparable regeneration of tissues with EECE. Conclusion: Further the characterization studies will be carried out to know the extract mechanism of antioxidant potential of Canavalia species.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant activity, Canavalia ensiformis, Canavalia gladiata, Glibenclamide, Histopathology, Streptozotocin.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_46_19}, author = {Anitha Kuttiappan and Sabapathi Mohana Lakshmi and S.V. Satyanarayana} } @article {522, title = {Antihyperglycemic and Insulin Secretagogue Activities of Abrus precatorius Leaf Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {August 2016}, pages = {303-308}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {303}, abstract = {

Aim: Abrus precatorius leaves methanolic extract (APME) was evaluated for in vivo antihyperglycemic activity and in vitro insulinotropic effect. Materials and Methods: In vivo antihyperglycemic and insulin secretagogue activities were assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by oral administration of APME (200 mg/kg body weight [bw]) for 28 days. In vitro insulin secretion mechanisms were studied using mouse insulinoma beta cells (MIN6-β). In vivo body weight and blood glucose and in vivo and in vitro insulin levels were estimated. Results: In diabetic rats, APME treatment significantly restored body weight (26.39\%), blood glucose (32.39\%), and insulin levels (73.95\%) in comparison to diabetic control rats. In MIN6-β cells, APME potentiated insulin secretion in a dependent manner of glucose (3{\textendash}16.7 mM) and extract (5{\textendash}500 μg/mL) concentration. Insulin secretagogue effect was demonstrated in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methyl xanthine, glibenclamide, elevated extracellular calcium, and K+ depolarized media. Insulin release was reduced in the presence of nifedipine, ethylene glycol tetra acetic acid (calcium blocking agents), and diazoxide (potassium channel opener). Conclusion: The study suggests that APME antihyperglycemic activity might involve the insulin secretagogue effect by pancreatic beta cells physiological pathways via K+-ATP channel dependent and independently, along with an effect on Ca2+ channels.

}, keywords = {Calcium, Diabetes, Glibenclamide, insulin secretagogue, K+-ATP channel, mouse insulinoma beta cells}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.188881}, author = {Balekari Umamahesh and Ciddi Veeresham} } @article {650, title = {Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Ginger Extracts in Alloxan-induced Diabetes and Propylthiouracil-induced Hypothyroidism in (rats)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {May 2013}, pages = { 157-161}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {157}, abstract = {

Background:\ Diabetic mellitus and hypothyroidism lead to serum lipoproteins disorders. This study aims to investigate the potential effect of fresh ginger extracts\ Zingiber officinale\ roscoe (Family:\ Zingebiraceae) on serum lipid profile and on blood glucose in alloxan-induced diabetes and propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism in rats. Rats were divided into 11 groups: The normal G1, diabetic control rats G2, ginger 500 mg/kg treated diabetic rats G3, 10 mg/day atorvastatine-treated diabetic rats G4, [5 mg/day atorvastatine combined with 500 mg/kg ginger] treated diabetic rats G5, glibenclamid-treated diabetic rats G6, hypothyoidism control rats G7, 300 mg/kg ginger-treated hypothyroidism rats G8, 500 mg/kg ginger-treated hypothyroidism rats G9, 10 mg/day atorvastatine-treated hypothyroidism rats G10, [atorvastatine combined with 500 mg/kg ginger]treated hypothyroidism rats G11. Thirty days after treatment, samples were collected, to compare treated groups with normal and control groups, using Mann-Whitney U test\ P\ \< 0.01.\ Results\ : It revealed a decrease in the levels of total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the serum of rats that were treated by ginger extracts, compared with the control groups. Previous extracts were also able to cause reduction in LDL to similar levels compared to normal group and that was the same effect of atorvastatin 10 mg/day. Combined effect was clear between the act of ginger at a dose of 500 mg/kg and atorvastatin; that levels of both TC and LDL in animals which received [atorvastatin 5 mg/day combined with ginger extract] was almost equal to levels in animals that received atorvastatin 10mg/day. Clear reduce in triglyceride, and clear increase in high density liopprotein were also recorded in the ginger-treated groups. Ginger was more active in hypothyroidism rats than in diabetic rats in reducing LDL and TC. Glucose levels were substantially reduced in ginger- treated diabetic groups.

}, keywords = {Alloxan-induced Diabetes, Atorvastatin, Ginger, Glibenclamide, Lipoproteins}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.112419 }, author = {Ahmad Sameer Al-Noory and Abdul-Nasser Amreen and Shatha Hymoor} } @article {842, title = {The Antihyperglycemic Effect of Aerial Parts of Salvia splendens (scarlet sage) in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic-rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {July 2010}, pages = {190-194}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {190}, abstract = {

Salvia splendens (Labiatae) is widely used in Indian traditional medicine for the control of diabetes mellitus. In this study, the hypoglycemic effects produced by the acute and subacute administration of various extracts of S. splendens were investigated. Both the aqueous extract (SSAE) and the methanolic extract (SSME) from the aerial parts resulted in significant reductions of glycemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats after oral administration at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/ kg, respectively. On oral administration, aqueous and methanolic extracts showed statistically significant (P \< 0.001) effect by reducing the effect of glycemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats. These findings suggest the significant antihyperglycemic potential of the S. splendens extracts in ameliorating the diabetic conditions in diabetic rats. No significant effects were found in the normal rats.

}, keywords = {Acute and subacute antidiabetic studies, Glibenclamide, Salvia splendens, Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.65520}, author = {P Mahesh Kumar and D Sasmal and Papiya Mitra Mazumder} }