@article {166, title = {Identification of Bioactive Diterpenoid Lactones using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance from Andrographis paniculata}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {April 2019}, pages = {121-126}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {121}, abstract = {

Background: Andrographis paniculata (AP) (Burm. F) Nees, belongs to the family Acanthaceae, it is also known as a highly bitter plant. In South East Asia this plant is commonly used for cold, cough and respiratory tract infections. Andrographolide (ANG), 14-deoxy-11, 12-didehydroandrographolide (DDA) are the major bioactive diterpenoid lactone compounds of the plant shown vasorelaxant effect, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and to treat variety of diseases which is well-documented. Materials and Methods: The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 1H-NMR analysis of AP chloroform extract (APCE) revealed the presence of ANG, 14-deoxyandrographolide (DA), and DDA. The main advantage of 1H-NMR is simple, rapid and successfully applied to quantify the active diterpenoids and an alternative to HPLC method to check the presence of various bioactive compounds and its presence in the active raw materials of AP. Results: The results revealed that most active bioactive compounds such as ANG, DA, and DDA are present in the APCE portion of the AP. The chemical shifts of various groups confirmed through 1H-NMR that all the three ANG, DA, and DDA has potent vasorelaxant effect and majority of these compounds are present in the APCE portion and not in the methanol or aqueous fractions. The 1H-NMR study confirmed that diterpenoids such as ANG, DA, and DDA from APCE has vasorelaxant effect on the animal study.

}, keywords = {1H-NMR, Andrographis paniculata, Andrographolide, Bioactive compounds, Diterpenoids, Vasorelaxant}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_117_18}, author = {Raghava N Sriramaneni and Amirin Sadikun and Naveen Kumar Hawala Shivashekaregowda and Annegowda Venkatappa and Mohamad Zaini Asmawi} } @article {955, title = {Design and Development of a Stable Polyherbal Formulation based on the Results of Compatibility Studies}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {3}, year = {2011}, month = {June 2011}, pages = {122}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {122}, abstract = {

Introduction: Ayurvedic and herbal medicinal products contain a combination of botanicals; each of these contains a number of chemical compounds that may give the anticipated activity in combination. Therefore, it is very important to analyze and evaluate the compatibility of various active constituents and markers from different medicinal plants for their possible chemical interactions with various excipients at different storage conditions during the development of a stable polyherbal formulation. Objective: To study chemical stability of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) and kutki (Picrorhiza kurroa) extract for their active markers andrographolide, kutkoside and picroside-I and to develop stable polyherbal formulation based on the incompatibility studies. Materials and Methods: The compatibility study was carried out on individual ethanolic extracts of these two plants along with the commonly used excipients in the ratio of 1:1 at 40 {\textpm} 2{\textdegree}C and 75 {\textpm} 5\% relative humidity and at a refrigeration temperature of 5 {\textpm} 1{\textdegree}C for initial, 7-, 15- and 30-day intervals. The analysis was carried out using the validated reverse phase{\textemdash}highperformance liquid chromatography methods. A stable tablet dosage form was developed based on the results of these studies. Result: The study suggested that the active markers of kutki (kutkoside and picroside-I) were found to be degraded in the presence of the kalmegh extract. However, the active marker of the kalmegh extract (andrographolide) was found to be stable. Both the extracts showed excellent compatibility with all the excipients used in making this formulation. No significant decrease in the kutkoside and picroside-I content from the formulation was observed. Conclusion: By separate granulation process the exposure of both the extracts can be minimized thus avoiding the degradation of active markers.

}, keywords = {Andrographolide, Compatibility, Kutkoside, Picroside-I}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.81960}, author = {Shrinivas G. Bhope and Dheeraj H. Nagore and Vinod V. Kuber and Pankaj K. Gupta and Manohar J. Patil} }