@article {1078, title = {Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Iris kashmiriana}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {October 2022}, pages = {350-355}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {350}, abstract = {

Iris kashmiriana belonging to the family Iridaceae, is found commonly in graveyards in the Kashmir region of India, as well as in some areas of Pakistan. This plant is used as a traditional medicinal plant by different local communities. Ethnopharmacological studies have revealed the presence of isoflavones like isonigricin (1) which is a new isoflavone and isoirisolidone (2) and Irisolidone (3) which were isolated first time from a natural source. This emphasis of this review is to focus on traditional uses, pharmacological uses, as well as phytoconstituents present in this species. But as this species is critically endangered also. By exploring more about this species, it might help in getting this species in the least concern or prevent it from being extinct. Scientific investigation has found that this plant has a lot of pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antitumor, anthelmintic, immunomodulatory, antiseptic, antioxidant, and also used in cold, flu, malaria, joint pain, anti-inflammation, toothache, etc. This plant contains several constituents, including isoflavones, with pharmacological activities some of them are still not been fully explored yet. In this review, an approach was made to study ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological investigations, of Iris kashmiriana, which can be explored more, so that people could know more about this plant, and start growing this medicinal plant

}, keywords = {Antitumor, Endangered plant, Immunomodulator, Iris kashmiriana, Kashmir, Traditional plant}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.4.52}, author = {Rishabh Chalotra and Meenakshi Dhanawat and Mubashir Maqbool and Neeru Lamba and Ayesha Bibi and Sumeet Gupta} } @article {199, title = {Secondary Metabolites from Lichen Usnea longissima and its Pharmacological Relevance}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {April 2019}, pages = {103-109}, type = {Review article}, chapter = {103}, abstract = {

The objective of the study was to isolate chemical compounds from lichen Usnea longissima (UL) and to use lichen metabolites as antibiotics, antifungal, anti-HIV, anticancer, antiprotozoan, and antibacterial agents. Preparation of the lichen extracts: Fine powder of UL lichen was extracted using acetone, methanol, and water in a Soxhlet extractor. In a rotary evaporator, the extracts were filtered and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The dry extracts were stored at 18{\textdegree}C until they were used in the tests. The extracts were used for various assays. Sixteen compounds were isolated from lichen UL using various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, operational data store, and semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography. By spectroscopic data analyses, their structures were identified as (1) useanol, (2) lecanorin, (3) 3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methylbenzoate, (4) lecanorin E, (5) 3{\textquoteright}-methylevernic acid, (6) evernic acid, (7) barbatinic acid, (8) 3,7-dihydroxy-1,9-dimethyldibenzofuran, (9) orcinol, (10) O-methyl orcinol, (11) methyl orsellinate, (12) methyl everninate, (13) 2,5-dimethyl-1,3-benzenediol, (14) 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3,6-dimethyl benzoic acid, (15) ethyl everninate, and (16) ethyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate. UL lichen is a great source of secondary metabolites, which can be used as antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and anticancer agents. This lichen can be used as a natural antioxidant or antitumor agent in clinical practice; commercially, it can be used as an anticancer drug.

}, keywords = {Antifungal, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Antitumor, Lichen, Usnea longissima.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_111_18}, author = {Moumita Dandapat and Santanu Paul} } @article {538, title = {In vitro Antiproliferative Effect of Earthworm Coelomic Fluid of Eudrilus Eugeniae, Eisenia foetida, and Perionyx Excavatus on Squamous Cell Carcinoma-9 Cell Line: A Pilot Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2017}, month = {December 2017}, pages = {s61-s66}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s61}, abstract = {

Introduction: The earthworm coelomic fluid (ECF) has shown proven antiproliferative effect against breast, liver, gastrointestinal, and brain cancer, but it is least explored in oral cancer. The present in vitro study is an attempt to investigate the antiproliferative activity of ECF on oral cancer cell line squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-9. Materials and Methods: ECF was collected from the species Eudrilus eugeniae (EE), Eisenia foetida (EF), and Perionyx excavatus (PE) stored at -80{\textdegree}C. Percentage inhibition of ECF on squamous cell carcinoma-9 cells in vitro was recorded at 24 h. Protein estimation was done using Bradford protein assay validated by the biuret method. Cytotoxicity was tested at 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μg/ml concentrations by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in SCC-9 cells in vitro. GraphPad Prism 7.0 software was used to calculate the inhibitory concentration (IC50). Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference between samples. Results: The test samples EE, EF, and PE inhibited the growth of SCC-9 cells significantly in a dose-dependent manner, and the IC50values were found to be 4.6, 44.69, and 5.27 μg/ml, respectively. The antiproliferative effect was found to be variable among the three earthworm species with EE showing the most promising effect followed by PE and EF. Conclusion: Establishing the antiproliferative effect of ECF on oral cancer cells could be an initial step toward drug development and future anticancer research. The preliminary investigation has shown that ECF has a promising antiproliferative effect on oral cancer cells in vitro.

}, keywords = {Antitumor, cell proliferation, Coelomic fluid, Mouth neoplasms, Oligochaeta, Squamous cell carcinoma-9 cell line}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_52_17}, author = {Dominic Augustine and Roopa S Rao and Jayaraman Anbu and KN Chidambara Murthy} } @article {446, title = {Assessment of in vitro Cytotoxicity and in vivo Antitumor Activity of Sphaeranthus Amaranthoides burm.f}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {June 2015}, pages = {198-202}, type = { Original Article}, chapter = {198}, abstract = {

Background: A number of plants have been used in Indian system of medicine such as ayurveda, unani and siddha, but most of these plants were not explored properly. Sphaeranthus amaranthoides (SA) Burm.f., is one such plant used as an energizer in siddha. Objective: To evaluate the anticancer effect of chloroform extract of the whole plant of SA Burm.f. against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing Swiss albino mice. : The anticancer effect of chloroform extract was investigated in Swiss albino mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma at two different dose levels. Acute toxicity sMaterials and Methodstudies were also performed to determine the safety of the extract. Mice injected with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells were treated with the extract of doses 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and standard 5-fluorouracil 20 mg/kg body weight for 15 consecutive days. Animals were sacrificed on day 15 for determination of anticancer activity by evaluating tumor volume, nonviable and viable tumor cell count and hematological parameters. Results: Mice treated with the extract showed a significant decrease in tumor volume and viable cell count and an increase in nonviable cell count and mean survival time. The hematological parameters were also found to be restored to a normal level. Conclusion: The results indicate that the chloroform extract was producing anticancer activity comparable with that of the standard 5-fluorouracil.

}, keywords = {Antitumor, Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma, Sphaeranthus Amaranthoides Burm.f}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.150544 }, author = {S Gayatri and C Uma Maheswara Reddy and K Chitra and V Parthasarathy} } @article {411, title = {Evaluation of antitumor activity and antioxidant status of Alternanthera brasiliana against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {December 2014}, pages = {66-73}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {66}, abstract = {

Objectives: The main objective of the present study was to explore the antitumor activity of the ethyl acetate extract of the Alternanthera brasiliana (EAAB) and its antioxidant status against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: Based on the preliminary in vitro cytotoxicity studies, EAAB was selected for anti-tumor and antioxidant effects. Anticancer activity of EAAB was evaluated against EAC in Swiss albino mice at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. EAAB was administered for 14 consecutive days after induction of cancer. After 24 hr\ of the last dose and 18 hr of fasting, half of the mice were sacrificed and rest were kept alive for assessing any increase in life span. The antitumor effect of EAAB was assessed by evaluating tumor volume, viable and nonviable tumor cell count, tumor weight, hematological and biochemical parameters of EAC bearing host. Furthermore, the antioxidant and histopathological parameters were evaluated. Results: EAAB treatment has shown significant decrease in tumor volume, viable cell count, tumor weight and elevated the life span of EAC tumor bearing mice in a dose dependent manner. In hematological profile count of RBC, hemoglobin, and WBC were found reverted to normal. EAAB also significantly decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation and significantly increased the levels of GSH, SOD and Catalase. Conclusion: From the above results it may be concluded that EAAB.

}, keywords = {5-Flourouracil, Alternanthera brasiliana, Antioxidant, Antitumor, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.147211}, author = {Pavan Kumar Samudrala and Bibin Baby Augustine and Eshvendar Reddy Kasala and Lakshmi Narendra Bodduluru and Chandana Barua and Mangala Lahkar} }