@article {1487, title = {Investigating the Expression of Apoptosis and Metastasis Genes in Satureja khuzistanica Along with Nisin and Doxorubicin in Colorectal Cancer}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {September 2025}, pages = {1197-1204}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1197}, abstract = {

Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Common treatments for colorectal cancer include chemotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy, etc. One of the chemotherapy drugs is doxorubicin, but it has many side effects. Recently, the antibacterial and anticancer effects of Satureja khuzistanica (S. khuzistanica) extract have been proven. Probiotics have been used in recent years to change the intestinal microbiome and treat colon cancer and reduce the side effects of treatments. Material and Methods: In this study, the viability of HT29 colorectal cancer cells was examined using MTT after treatment with the study groups, and the expression of BAX, BCL2, SMAC, P53, MMP9, CASP9, and SUR genes was evaluated by Real time PCR. Results: The results showed that the expression of BAX, SMAC, P53, and CASP9 genes increased by 4.21, 3.055, 5.105, and 2.216 (p\<0.0001) compared to the control after treatment with S. khuzistanica, respectively. The expression of BCL2, MMP2, SUR and MMP9 genes decreased by 1.1\% after treatment with S. khuzistanica compared to the control. The results also showed that the combined treatment of S. khuzistanica with Nisin or doxorubicin had a greater effect on changes in gene expression. Conclusion: This study could be a therapeutic strategy for using natural substances such as S. khuzistanica extract and probiotic Nisin to reduce the dose of chemotherapy.

}, keywords = {Colorectal Cancer, Doxorubicin, Nisin, Probiotic, Satureja khuzistanica}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252194}, author = {Esmaeil Kheiri and Zahra Hojjati bonab and Hossein Soltanzadeh} } @article {1316, title = {Evaluation of Fractions of Artocarpus lakoocha R. on Doxorubicin Induced Myocardial Toxicity in Wistar Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {897-907}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {897}, abstract = {

Background: Doxorubicin, an anthracycline derivative, is a cytotoxic drug that has been shown to be effective against a variety of cancers. Its clinical utility has been limited due to dose-dependent cardiac toxicity. Objectives: To fractionate the ethanolic extract of bioactive Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. bark and to Phytochemical investigation of fractions and pharmacological evaluation on doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: In vitro studies conducted to determine Cardioprotective activity of the fractions of ethanolic plant extract. Cardiotoxicity induced with DOX (2.5 mg/kg body weight i.p) in 6 equal injections given alternatively for 2 weeks to make a total cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg body weight. Comparative studies were done between Treatment group, Dox 2.5 mg/kg on alternative day for 2 weeks followed by fractionation method-Petroleum ether fraction (11.2 mg/kg), Chloroform fraction (66 mg/kg), Ethyl acetate fraction (34 mg/kg) and aqueous fraction (44.4 mg/kg) of Artocarpus lakoocha R. for 2 weeks. Animals were observed for change in body weight, food and water intake ECG changes, hematology analysis such as RCB, WBC, Platelet, hematocrite level, Cardiac markers such as CK-MB, LDH and cTn I, Antioxidant enzymes such as GSH, Catalases, SOD and MDA were monitored. Heart histopathological studies carried out to evaluate cardiotoxicity. Results: As a result of Dox treatment, cardiomyopathy develops, which is characterized by an increase in cardiac biomarkers, changes in ECG, hematology analysis and a deficiency in antioxidant enzymes. By lowering the elevated levels of biomarker enzymes like LDH and CK-MB and the absence of CTnl, Fractions of EAAL significantly protected the myocardium from the toxic effects of Dox. Conclusion: Based on results of general appearance, hematology analysis, ECG studies, specific cardiac markers and antioxidant activity, it is concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction of Artocarpus lakoocha R. exhibited cardioprotective activity. Based on data obtained, treatment studies were found more effective when compared with preventive studies. Phytocompounds present in the plant is responsible for the cardioprotective activity.

}, keywords = {Artocarpus lakoocha R., cardiotoxicity, Doxorubicin, Oxidative stress, Rats}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.4.102}, author = {Shreya Nagmoti and Shrishail K. Nimbal and Hasanpasha N. Sholapur and Navya S and Siddalingaswamy Hiremath} } @article {1288, title = {Protective Activity of Rumex vesicarius Leaf Extract on Doxorubicin Induced Cardiotoxicity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {748-756}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {748}, abstract = {

Background: Doxorubicin is an important and efficient anticancer medicine that is widely used to treat several types of cancer. However, its clinical use is limited due to dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Elevated tissue levels of cellular superoxide anion/oxidative stress contribute to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Objectives: The current study aimed to look into the protective effects of Rumex vesicarius leaves against the doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity. Materials and Methods: In treatment schedule, thirty male Wistar albino rats were allocated into five groups of six animals each. Cardiotoxicity was induced by single dose administration of Doxorubicin (20 mg/kg b. wt). The standard group received Amlodipine (5 mg/kg b. wt) and treatment groups received Rumex vesicarius leaves extract (200 and 400 mg/kg b. wt). Cardiac serum parameters-LDH, CK-MB, ALT, AST, and calcium and heart tissue LPO, GSH, and CAT levels were estimated. Results: Rats administered with doxorubicin have significantly increased cardiac serum parameters, tissue LPO, and Ca++-ATPase while significantly decreasing tissue GSH, CAT, Na+/K+-ATPase and Mg++-ATPase levels. Pretreatment with extract (400 mg/kg) showed significant protective activity against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity. Additionally, histopathological research was significantly reinforced the cardio protective effects of Rumex vesicarius leaves. Conclusion: Rumex vesicarius leaf extract showed significant cardioprotective activity against doxorubicin induced toxicity.

}, keywords = {Amlodipine, Doxorubicin, Membrane bound enzymes, Oxidative stress, Rumex vesicarius}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.4.87}, author = {Mitta Raghavendra and Pulala Raghuveer Yadav and Mondi Sushma and Vallala Venkata Rajesham and Pinjari Roshan Ali and Panchareddy Nikitha and Tadikonda Rama Rao} } @article {153, title = {Terminalia chebula Retz: A Prospective Agent in Reducing the Doxorubicin-Mediated Cardiotoxicity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {219-224}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {219}, abstract = {

Objectives: The present study evaluated the role of Terminalia chebula Retz. extract against doxorubicin (DXR)-mediated cardiac damages in male and female rats. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extract of T. chebula (0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg) was administered simultaneously with DXR (2.5 mg/kg, three-doses on alternate days by intraperitoneal route). Two additional groups were evaluated by administering 0.5 g/kg of the extract to animals before or after DXR treatment. The study was done separately in male and female adult Wistar rats of bodyweight 180{\textendash}200 mg. The cardiac biomarker levels such as creatine kinase-monoenzyme B, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were estimated after each treatment. Histopathology of cardiac tissue was studies analyzed, and the level of superoxide dismutase was determined in serum. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests and P \< 0.05 was considered to indicate the statistical significance. Results: The observations indicated that DXR significantly (P \< 0.001) elevated the biomarker levels of cardiac damage in both male and female rats, besides inducing the structural changes in the myocardium tissues and antioxidant status. The co-administration of higher doses of T. chebula extract (0.5 and 1 g/kg) with DXR significantly (P \< 0.01) reduced the cardiac enzyme levels and histopathological changes and improve the antioxidant status compared to DXR group. Post-treatment with T. chebula (0.5 mg/kg) showed mild inhibitory action on the DXR-induced cardiac changes without significantly affecting the antioxidant level. Conclusion: The results suggest that co-administration of T. chebula reduced the DXR-mediated cardiac damages and the action could be related to the enhancement of the antioxidant property in rats.

}, keywords = {Cardiac biomarkers, Doxorubicin, Oxidative stress, Terminalia chebula}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_109_19}, author = {M Aamina and Ahmad Alhowail and Maha Aldubayan and Syed Imam Rabbani} } @article {330, title = {Potential Roles of Kleinhovia hospita L. Leaf Extract in Reducing Doxorubicin Acute Hepatic, Cardiac and Renal Toxicities in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {April 2017}, pages = {168-173}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {168}, abstract = {

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapy agent; however, its use may lead to cardiac, hepatic, and renal dysfunction. Kleinhovia hospita L extract contains antioxidant compounds that have been shown to reduce chemical-induced hepatotoxicity. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the protective effects of Kleinhovia sp. extract to reduce DOX acute toxicities. Materials and Methods: Thirty male rats were assigned to the following groups: Group I as controls, Group II was given DOX i.p. injection (25 mg/kg); Groups III, IV, and V were treated with Kleinhovia sp. extract 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg orally for 5 days, respectively, prior to DOX i.p. injection. After 24 h, blood and organs were analyzed for biomarker levels and histopathological changes. Results: DOX treatment in Group II significantly increased creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and urea levels compared to controls. Kleinhovia sp. extract at any given dose significantly improved ALT and AST; yet, CK-MB levels only reduced with 250 mg/kg dose (Group IV). Urea and creatinine levels in Kleinhovia sp. groups were also lower compared to DOX-treated rats, but it was not significant. Histopathological analysis showed improved liver, heart, and renal tissue structures in Kleinhovia sp-treated rats, especially at higher doses. Conclusion: Kleinhovia sp. extract at any dose given protected the rats from liver toxicity, but only at dose 250 mg/kg reduced cardiac toxicity. Although renal biomarkers were insignificantly lower, renal architecture was improved with Kleinhovia sp. treatment.

}, keywords = {Acute toxicity, Doxorubicin, Kleinhovia sp. extract}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_129_16}, author = {Yulia Yusrini Djabir and M Aryadi Arsyad and Sartini Sartini and Subehan Lallo} }