@article {179, title = {Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Gastric Antiulcerogenic Activities of the Hydroalcoholic Extract and Leaf Fractions of Solanum stipulaceum Roem. and Schult.}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2021}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {328-335}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {328}, abstract = {

Background: An earlier ethnobotanical study showed that the species Solanum stipulaceum was indicated first in many orders for the treatment of gastric ulcers. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate phytochemical profile and the antioxidant, antiulcerogenic, protective redox, and cytotoxicity activities of the hydroethanol extract (HEE) and leaf fractions of this plant. Materials and Methods: The HEE was obtained by maceration and fractionated by liquid{\textendash}liquid extraction in fractions: hexane fraction, chloroform fraction (CF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and hydromethanol fraction (HMF). Phytochemical profile was evaluated by colorimetric methods. Antioxidant activity was measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The cellular toxicity was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. In vivo antiulcerogenic activity was investigated using the ethanol-induced acute ulcer model. Afterward, protective redox activity was assessed with the plasma and liver of these animals using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. Results: Tannins, free steroids, triterpenes, alkaloids, and flavonoids were found in HEE, and total flavonoid measured was 5.26 {\textpm} 0.23 μg/mg of the extract. The DPPH activity was higher than 70\% for HEE, EAF, and CF. Treatment with HEE (200 and 400 mg/kg) and CF, EAF, and HMF (200 mg/kg) inhibited the ulcer. CF reduces gastric lesions by 88.29\% (50 mg/kg) and 85.65\% (100 mg/kg). The HEE (400 mg/kg), CF, and EAF (200 mg/kg) reduced oxidative stress in the plasma and in the liver. HMF (200 mg/kg) reduced oxidative stress only in the liver. The HEE and fractions 10{\textendash}50 μg/mL (P \< 0.05) were nontoxic, maintaining cell viability at 65\%. Conclusion: The extract and fractions have antioxidant activity in vitro and ex vivo, antiulcerogenic effect in vivo, and low cytotoxicity up to 50 μg/mL.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant activity, Antiulcerogenic activity, cytotoxicity, Phytochemical screening, Solanum stipulaceum, Total flavonoid}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_2_20}, author = {Cirlane Alves Araujo de Lima and Daniela Feitosa de Oliveira and Andressa da Silva and Robson Silva de Lima and Jymmys Lopes dos Santos and Ant{\^o}nio Santos Dias and Andr{\'e} Luiz Lima Menezes dos Santos and Jamylle Nunes de Souza Ferro and Andrea Yu Kwan Villar Shan and Brancilene Santos de Araujo and Emiliano de Oliveira Barreto and Maria Silene da Silva and Josemar Sena Batista and Sara Maria Thomazzi and Sonia Piacente and Cosimo Pizza and Charles dos Santos Estevam} } @article {141, title = {Phytochemistry in Medicinal Species of Solanum L. (Solanaceae)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {February 2019}, pages = {47-50}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {47}, abstract = {

Background: The genus Solanum L. is the largest of the family Solanaceae; it has used in food, ornamentation, and medicinal. Objective: This work had as objective to perform the phytochemical screening secondary metabolites: saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and anthraquinones by means of colorimetric and precipitation analyzes of root bark, stem, leaf, and epicarp of the following species of Solanum genus: Solanum agrarium, Solanum lycocarpum, Solanum palinacanthum, Solanum paniculatum, and Solanum stipulaceum. The species are found in areas of the Cerrado Biome of Northern Minas Gerais state for initial evaluation of the possibility of cultivation for medicinal use. Materials and Methods: The following qualitative tests were performed: Liebermann{\textendash}Burchard reaction for steroids/triterpenoids; foam persistence test for saponins; Bertrand and Dragendorff reagents for alkaloids; reactions with lead neutral acetate at 10\% and ferric chloride at 2\% for tannins; reactions with ferric chloride at 2\% and Shinoda reaction for flavonoids; reaction of Borntr{\"a}eger and reaction with sodium hydroxide at 0.5\% for anthraquinones. Results: Plants of the Solanum L. genus, occurring in Cerrado areas in the city of Montes Claros, have considerable amounts of secondary metabolites, varying between the different species and in different structures analyzed. Conclusion: It is important to continue the study evaluating whether in species from planting occurs production of the secondary metabolites identified in wild plants.

}, keywords = {Solanum agrarium, Solanum lycocarpum, Solanum palinacanthum, Solanum paniculatum, Solanum stipulaceum}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_148_18}, author = {Laudin{\'e}ia de Jesus Matias and Juliana Almeida Rocha and Elytania Veiga Menezes and Afr{\^a}nio Farias de Melo J{\'u}nior and Dario Alves de Oliveira} }