@article {1460, title = {Chitin Derivative from Marine Source Artemia franciscana Cysts Inhibits Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells by Regulating Apoptotic Mediators}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {June 2025}, pages = {973-982}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {973}, abstract = {

Background: Chitin is widely preferred in biomedical application due to its biocompatible and biodegradable nature. Naturally occurring chitin is a potential antimicrobial agent and plays a major role in degrading outer shell wall of the lower crustaceans. Naturally occurring sources of chitin are more suitable for oncological research. Objectives: In the present study, the chitin derivative isolated from marine source (Artemia franciscana cysts) is evaluated for its potential to act as a therapeutic target for colorectal adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: The FTIR and X-ray diffraction analysis of the isolated chitin has confirmed the presence of characteristic functional groups such as amide groups, hydroxyl groups and glycosidic linkages along with their material{\textquoteright}s crystalline structure. Results: The anticancer activity of extracted chitin derivative showed significant cytotoxic effect in this study which could be attributed to their positively charged functional groups. Further mRNA gene expression analysis has revealed that the chitin derivative also exhibited apoptotic potential against HT29 cell lines by upregulating caspase-3 and caspase-9 gene and by down regulation of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) gene expressions. Conclusion: In conclusion the present study showed that the Artemia sp. cyst-mediated chitin derivative could be a potential anticancer agent against colorectal adenocarcinoma through their anti-proliferative activity and by activation of apoptotic pathway in HT29 cell lines

}, keywords = {Anti-cancer, Artemia, Chitin, Cyst shell, HT26}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252138}, author = {Rajendran Poovazhagi and Subramani Thirunavukkarasu and Jeferson Stanley Santhosh and Kasi Lakshmanan and Anand Javee and Cecileya Jasmin Meshak Dhanashekaran and Narayanaswamy Radhakrishnan and Venugopal Vinod Prabhu and Kunnathur Murugesan Sakthivel and Rajan Radha Rasmi and Jiang-Shiou Hwang} } @article {1511, title = {Exploring the Pharmacological Potential of Achyranthes aspera (Latzeera): A Complete Investigation of its Anticancer, Anti-Microbial and Antioxidant Activities}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {September 2025}, pages = {1315-1327}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1315}, abstract = {

Background: A medicinal herb called Achyranthes aspera has been used for centuries to treat a wide range of illnesses. By assessing its antineoplastic, anti-microbial and antioxidant properties. This study sought to thoroughly explore Achyranthes aspera pharmacological potential. Materials and Methods: Antibacterial activity against a panel of bacterial strains was assessed using the disc diffusion method. To ascertain cell viability in cancer cell lines, anti-cancer activity was assessed using the MTT assay. The antioxidant activity of the plant extract was assessed by its capacity to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Results: Achyranthes aspera extract showed encouraging antibacterial efficacy against specific bacterial strains, however not as strong as the common antibiotic, ciprofloxacin. The MTT assay indicated possible anti-cancer efficacy by showing a notable dose-dependent reduction in cancer cell lines{\textquoteright} cell viability. Through the scavenging of free radicals, the extract from Achyranthes aspera also demonstrated strong antioxidant activity. Conclusion: The pharmacological potential of Achyranthes aspera is strongly supported by this investigation, confirming its historic use in treating a variety of illnesses. Promising antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-cancer properties were demonstrated by the plant extract. In order to determine the bioactive components, clarify the underlying mechanisms of action, assess the protection and efficacy of Achyranthes aspera extracts in preclinical, clinical contexts, these findings call for additional research.

}, keywords = {Achyranthes aspera, Anti-cancer, Anti-microbial, Antioxidant}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252314}, author = {Arijit Chaudhuri and Biswajit Dash and Ashish Sarkar and Afrin Alam and Ayush Garg and Shivani Devi and Ankita Sharma and Varsha Chauhan and Tanbeer Kaur and Yashna Bawa} } @article {1396, title = {Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Secamone emetica: Characterization and Assessment of Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Cancer Activities against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {597-607}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {597}, abstract = {

Background: Green-synthesized nanoparticles offer eco-friendly advantages over physical and chemical methods, utilizing plant extracts as natural capping, reducing and stabilizing agents. While Secamone emetica is renowned for its traditional medicinal applications, its potential in green nanoparticle synthesis remains unexplored, offering a promising avenue for research. Objectives: This study aimed to synthesize silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous leaf and stem extracts of Secamone emetica and evaluate their antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer properties. Materials and Methods: The aqueous extracts of S. emetica Leaf (SL) and Stem (SS) were used for the green synthesis of AgNPs. The bio-reduction of silver ions by these extracts was validated through UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH+ and ABTS˙+ radical scavenging assays. The anti-diabetic potential was evaluated through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. Cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines were assessed at 100 μg/mL concentration. Results: SL-AgNPs exhibited higher antioxidant activity compared to SS-AgNPs in both DPPH+ and ABTS˙+ assays. In anti-diabetic assays, SL-AgNPs demonstrated 70.1\% α-amylase inhibition and 68.4\% α-glucosidase inhibition, outperforming SS-AgNPs, which showed 59.3\% and 57.6\% inhibition, respectively. In the anti-cancer assay, SL-AgNPs exhibited a cytotoxicity of 62.5\% against MCF-7 cells, whereas SS-AgNPs showed 50.8\% inhibition. Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential of green-synthesized SL-AgNPs and SS-AgNPs as effective antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer agents.

}, keywords = {Anti-cancer, Anti-diabetic, Antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, Secamone emetica, Silver nanoparticles}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252064}, author = {S. Shalini and N. Sudeepthi and DH. Geetha and R. Jayashre} } @article {1515, title = {Isolation of Bioactive Metabolites from Tephrosia maxima and Tephrosia callophylla: A Phytochemical and Functional Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {September 2025}, pages = {1341-1347}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1341}, abstract = {

Tephrosia maxima and Tephrosia callophylla, two lesser-studied members of the Fabaceae family, were evaluated for their phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological profiles in this study. Aqueous extracts from shade-dried leaves were subjected to SEM analysis, hemocompatibility testing, and assays for anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and general toxicity. SEM revealed irregular crystalline morphologies, indicative of diverse bioactive constituents. Both extracts exhibited \<2\% hemolysis, confirming systemic biocompatibility. Antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus was evident, along with potent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant assays demonstrated dose-dependent efficacy, with up to 80\% nitric oxide inhibition and 90\% DPPH radical scavenging. Toxicity studies using brine shrimp and zebrafish embryos showed high viability and minimal adverse effects. These findings highlight the therapeutic promise and biosafety of T. maxima and T. callophylla, supporting their potential for drug discovery and biomedical applications. Further studies are needed to isolate active compounds and elucidate molecular mechanisms.

}, keywords = {Anti-cancer, Anti-microbial, Photochemical, Tephrosia}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20250024}, author = {Anoop Kumar and Abilasha Ramasubramanian and Priyadharshini Muthumanickam and Bargavi Purushothaman} }