@article {1382, title = {Phytopharmacological Insights into Ricinus communis: A Comprehensive Overview}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {348-357}, type = {Review Article }, chapter = {348}, abstract = {

Medicinal plants are used in the traditional medicinal system and in Ayurveda globally. Euphorbiaceae is a large family which contains more than 3000 species. Ricinus communis or castor bean plant is well-known plant of Ayurveda. The herbal and natural medicines are the cost-effective and they have lesser side effects than currently available medicines in the market. Ricinus communis has many phytoconstituents such as ricinine, ricin A, ricin B, ricin C, ricinoleic acid, Y-sitosterol, fucosterol, stigmasterol, ricinus agglutin etc. which are responsible for various pharmacological activities. Traditionally, it has various pharmacological properties such as antioxidant activity, antifertility activity, antiulcer activity, antidiabetic activity, antimicrobial activity, hepatoprotective activity, immunomodulatory activity, bone regeneration activity, cytotoxic activity, anti-inflammatory activity etc. They also exhibited free radical scavenging potential along with repellent properties. The main objective of this review is to reveal all updated information{\textquoteright}s like phytochemicals, pharmacological activities of Ricinus communis by scientific evidences.

}, keywords = {Herbal Medicines, Medicinal plants, Pharmacological activities, Phytochemicals, Ricinus communis}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20251940}, author = {Surya Nath Pandey and Prashant Kumar and Harishchandra Verma and Sumit Durgapal and Balwan Singh} } @article {1392, title = {Recent Advances in Transdermal Drug Delivery System and its Utilization in Herbal Medicines}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {380-384}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {380}, abstract = {

Transdermal delivery systems are one type of treatment for a variety of disorders that can be utilized as an alternative to invasive procedures. Pharmaceutical preparations are incorporated into transdermal delivery systems, which can release the medication in a regulated manner. When compared to the oral mode of administration, it provides higher bioavailability and eliminates the disadvantage of first pass metabolism. Herbal medicine has played an important role in recent decades due to its strength and few adverse effects. Herbal medicines loaded with transdermal delivery techniques are becoming increasingly popular. The current advancements in transdermal delivery systems provide a significant advantage in treating illness. Natural substances contain complex components that combine with other compounds to produce therapeutic effects. The improved and upgraded transdermal delivery system contributes to reducing the problem and simplifying the transport of the medicament to the skin. The current review aims to analyse the various types of transdermal systems, their advancement and the effectiveness of herbal-based treatments.

}, keywords = {First pass metabolism, Herbal Medicines, Transdermal}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252044}, author = {Ravishankaran Subash and Sundaramoorthi Revathi and Shanmugam Akilandeswari} }