@article {1412, title = {Mechanistic Role of Phytophenolic Acids in the Management of Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease: A Comprehensive Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {416-426}, type = {Review Article }, chapter = {416}, abstract = {

Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease (AD) or dementia, is a brain illness, which is chronic and non-reversible and is related to advanced memory loss, cognitive decline and altered behaviour. Current treatments including synthetic agents mostly have an effect of only providing relief to the patient without treating the root cause of disease. Though synthetic drugs available for the treatment but are only few and are associated side effects. A better alternate will be the traditionally used herbal drugs in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Phenolic acids are secondary metabolites in plants and current evidence indicates that they can be useful in the treatment of AD because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective. The present review explores the multifaceted functions of phenolic acid which include neutralizing Reacting Oxygen Species (ROS), preventing amyloid-beta aggregation, reducing hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and modulating neuro-inflammation. Several phenolic acids such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, coumaric acid, etc. Have demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects in various preclinical studies. The mode of action phenolic acids can be identified to produce better and more attuned treatments. Similarly, the synergistic effect exerted by phenolic acid when combined with other medical agents will enhance the potential efficacy of other drugs. In conclusion, the present review is an attempt at extensive and elaborated information regarding phytophenolic acids, with significant promise in fighting AD based on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties as a multi-faceted approach to the complex pathology in AD.

}, keywords = {Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease, Amyloid-beta, Cognitive decline, Neuroprotection, Phenolic acids, Tau protein}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20250001}, author = {Abhishek Pete Nagaraj and Annegowda Hardur Venkatappa and Jayashree Kallukombari Ramakrishna and Purushotham Karadigere Nagaraju and Bevinahalli Ramesh and Noor ul Eain} } @article {1011, title = {Preventive Effects of Ginger Extract and Nigella sativa Oil on Anxiety and Depression Behavior in Wistar Rats Exposed to Mercuric Chloride}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {1-4}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Background: Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) is toxic to humans and animals, and usually causes systemic and nerve damage. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the neuro-protective effects of two medicinal plants rich in antioxidants against mercuric chloride poisoning in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: This is an experimental study conducted on twenty-five adult rats randomly divided into five groups of five rats each, the untreated control group and the four groups are treated daily with Ginger extract (500 mg/kg/day) and Nigella sativa oil (2ml/kg/day) for four weeks. The administration of mercuric chloride (4mg/kg/day) will be from the second week of experimentation to three weeks. Results: The results obtained showed by behavioral tests that the administration of inorganic mercury (HgCl2) significantly increases the state of anxiety and depression of rats compared to control rats, while the groups pre-treated with antioxidants can reduce the damage of these behavioral disorders. Conclusion: Ginger extract and Nigella sativa oil have a very important role in neurobehavioral alterations induced by mercury toxicity.

}, keywords = {Antioxidants, Anxiety, Depression, Mercuric Chloride, Neuroprotection, Wistar Rats.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.1.1}, url = {https://phcogres.com/fulltext/v14i1/105530pres1411.html}, author = {Sabri Benkermiche and Samir Djemli and Meriem Haloui and Mohamed Lamine Benabed and Abdelkrim Tahraoui} } @article {132, title = {Leaf Extract of Eugenia uniflora L. Prevents Episodic Memory Impairment Induced by Streptozotocin in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {August 2019}, pages = {329-332}, type = {Short Communication}, chapter = {329}, abstract = {

Background: Eugenia uniflora is a plant found in several countries of South America and is traditionally used in folk medicine as an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive agent. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of E. uniflora leaves on memory impairment induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extract of E. uniflora leaves was used to treat Wistar rats which received intracerebroventricular (ICV)-STZ. Animals were allocated to the control group (n = 10), i.e., ICV vehicle solution + ethanol 10\%; STZ group (n = 10), i.e., ICV-STZ + ethanol 10\%; STZ + E. uniflora (300 mg/kg) group (n = 10), i.e., ICV-STZ +300 mg/kg of leaf extract of E. uniflora; and STZ + E. uniflora (1000 mg/kg) group (n = 10), i.e., ICV-STZ +1000 mg/kg of leaf extract of E. uniflora. The animals were submitted to the treatments 24 h after receiving ICV-STZ. The treatments were performed on alternate days over a 30-day period. After this period, the animals were tested in the elevated plus maze to assess learning and memory. Results: The STZ group presented a higher transfer latency (P \< 0.001) which impaired memory regarding the aversive characteristics of the apparatus. The performance in the sessions regarding this parameter of the groups treated with the leaf extract of E. uniflora was similar to the control group (P \> 0.05) for both the doses. Conclusion: The leaf extract of E. uniflora showed a neuroprotective effect on memory impairment induced by STZ in rats.

}, keywords = {Elevated plus maze, Episodic memory, Eugenia uniflora, Neuroprotection, Streptozotocin.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_37_19}, author = {Ilton Santos da Silva and Joana Rosar Corbellini and Gabrielle Pfutzenreuter and Leila Teresinha Maranho and M{\'a}rcia Regina Pincerati} }