@article {1341, title = {Development of Novel Carrier System: A Key Approach to Enhance Bioavailability of Herbal Medicines}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {1-10}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Medicinal herbs have been utilised for thousands of years to cure various medical conditions. Medicinal herbs continue to play a significant role in the health care systems of a significant portion of the global population, particularly in developing nations. However, water soluble phytoconstituents (such as flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids) are poorly absorbed via passive diffusion or because of their poor lipid solubility and consequently demonstrating poor bioavailability. The majorities of physiologically active constituents are polar or water-soluble molecules. Herbal medications are beneficial when used properly, but they can be challenging to recognize, extract from and administer; as a result, adjustments are required to address these issues. The novel formulations of plant actives and extracts are reported to have notable benefits over traditional formulations. These benefits include increased solubility, bioavailability and toxicity protection; improved pharmacological activity; enhanced stability; improved tissue macrophage distribution; sustained delivery; and protection against physical and chemical degradation. NDDS encompasses a range of innovative delivery systems, including solid-lipid nanoparticles, transferosomes, phytosomes, microspheres, microemulsions and ethosomes. This review{\textquoteright}s goal is to provide an overview of several NDDS for the delivery of herbal medications.

}, keywords = {Microemulsions, Microspheres, Nanoparticles, Pharmacokinetics, Phytosomes}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20251933}, url = {https://readarticle.org/lensarticle/development-of-novel-carrier-system-a-key-approach-to-enhance-bioavailability-of-herbal-medicines/}, author = {Anuradha Karbhari Chavan and Anilkumar Uttamchand Tatiya} } @article {131, title = {Design and Development of Microparticulate Delivery System for Curcumin}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {August 2019}, pages = {321-328}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {321}, abstract = {

Background: Curcumin has been associated with remarkable beneficial effects; despite having a broad spectrum of activities, curcumin is characterized by poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Objective: The objective of this study is to enhance the solubility of curcumin using polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) and establish a microparticulate drug delivery system in a sodium alginate polymer matrix (microspheres containing curcumin triturated with PEG400 [Cur-PEGMS]) to improve the bioavailability of curcumin. Materials and Methods: The microspheres were formulated using the ionic gelation technique. Nine batches (F1 to F9) were prepared using 32 factorial design. The amount of sodium alginate and calcium chloride was selected as a formulation variable. The prepared Cur-PEGMS were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimeter, ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The pharmacokinetics of curcumin was characterized in rats using high-performance liquid chromatography, and calculations were performed using WinNonlin standard edition version 1.1 software. Results: We found that solubility was affected by the use of cosolvent. All F1{\textendash}F9 batches were investigated for entrapment efficiency, and batch F5 was found to be optimum batch which was further evaluated. HPTLC chromatogram of Cur-PEGMS shows peak retention for curcumin. The particle size of microspheres was found to be in the range of 384{\textendash}468 μm. Remarkable improvement in maximum plasma concentration and bioavailability was observed. Maximum the time after administration of a drug when maximum plasma concentration is reached (Tmax) was found to be 0.5 h, and AUC0{\textendash}24 was found to be 374.75 ng/ml and 622 ng/ml for curcumin suspension and curcumin microspheres, respectively. Conclusion: The developed formulation enhances the bioavailability of the drug. This enhanced oral absorption of Cur-PEGMS may provide a practical formulation to conduct a correlative pharmacodynamic study.

}, keywords = {Curcumin, Factorial design, Fharmacokinetics, Microspheres, Polyethylene glycol 400., Sodium alginate}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_24_19}, author = {Aditi Shrinivas Kulkarni and Santosh S. Bhujbal} }