@article {1242, title = {Evaluation of Mixer of Essential Oils and their Standard Components against Fungi Causing Superficial Mycosis in Human}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {339-346}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {339}, abstract = {

Background: Dermatophytoses are responsible for almost one-quarter of all fungal infections globally. When treatable, these challenging fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails are becoming more resistant to standard antifungal medications and frequently call for lengthy therapeutic regimens. Objectives: Essential oils have been used to cure a range of diseases for ages. In present study combination effect of volatile oils obtained from Trachyspermum ammi, Coriandrum sativum and Cymbopogon martinii were evaluated against four selected dermatophytic fungi namely Microsporum canis, M. fulvum, Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentarophytes. Materials and Methods: Four combinations like T. ammi + Cymbopogon martinii, T. ammi + Coriandrum sativum, Cymbopogon martinii + C. sativum, T. ammi + Cymbopogon martinii + C. sativum were prepared and evaluated through semisolid agar antifungal susceptibility methods. Results: During present investigation T. rubrum was found to be most resistant fungus. Combination of T. ammi with C. sativum showed excellent results as compared to T. ammi and C. martinii. Combination of C. martinii and C. sativum was less effective as compared to other combinations. MIC was ranging from 0.1 μL/mL to 0.4 μL/mL against test fungi. Conclusion: Although essential oils are frequently combined in the use of aromatherapy to cure infectious disorders, there is very little data to back up this practice. This study supports the concurrent usage of blended essential oils in some way.

}, keywords = {Combination, Dermatophytes, Essential oil, MIC.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.2.43}, author = {Neetu Jain} } @article {1246, title = {Phytochemical Insights into Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potentials Across Five Indian Medicinal Plants}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {423-434}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {423}, abstract = {

Background: Traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda use plant extracts; Indian medicinal plants like Alternanthera sessilis, Cassia auriculata, Murraya koenigii, Celastrus paniculatus, and Moringa concanensis are rich in bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins, known for antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, prompting scientific validation of their traditional use and understanding their pharmacological properties. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant qualities of hydroalcoholic extracts from the aforementioned Indian medicinal plants, employing Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) for enhanced extraction efficiency. The research seeks to establish connections between the phytochemical compositions and bioactivities of the extracts through comprehensive analyses. Materials and Methods: The study involves the characterization of physical properties, phytochemical screening, and quantitative assessment of total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content in the hydroalcoholic extracts. Antioxidant activities are evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2{\textquoteright}-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays, as well as the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. The antimicrobial potential against various pathogens is assessed using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) calculation method. Results: The study reveals a diverse array of bioactive compounds present in the hydroalcoholic extracts, including phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins. Cassia auriculata and Celastrus paniculatus extracts exhibit notable antioxidant activity, supported by high levels of total phenolic and tannin content. Cassia auriculata demonstrates consistent strong scavenging action in both DPPH and ABTS assays. Alternanthera sessilis, Cassia auriculata, and Celastrus paniculatus show significant efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa during antimicrobial testing. Conclusion: This investigation establishes correlations between the phytochemical compositions and the antimicrobial/antioxidant activities of hydroalcoholic extracts from Indian medicinal plants. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the medicinal properties of these plants and underscore the potential of Cassia auriculata and Celastrus paniculatus extracts as natural antioxidants. Such insights hold promise for future advancements in medicinal research and the development of pharmaceuticals derived from natural sources.

}, keywords = {ABTS, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Cassia auriculata, DPPH, MIC.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.2.52}, author = {Tripathy Amrutanand S and Manoj Madanahalli Ramesh and Annegowda Hardur Venkatappa} } @article {1217, title = {A Two-Year Comparative Study of the Anti-dermatophytic Activity of Thuja orientalis Essential Oil Stored at Various Temperatures}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {191-196}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {191}, abstract = {

Background: Thuja orientalis generally recognized as Chinese arborvitae, placed under the family Cupressaceae is a commonly available medicinal plant in India. Objectives: In present research work Thuja leaves essential oil stored in three temperatures for two-years storage periods was evaluated against fungi causing ring worm infection in man. Materials and Methods: Thuja oil was hydro-distilled and stored for 24 months in airtight amber glass bottles at three distinct temperatures. MIC was determined through semi solid agar diffusion method containing BHIA medium. Anti-dermtophytic activity of stored oil was examined in triplets after every fourth month of storage up to 2 years. Results: Oil stored in refrigerator was found to be more stable up to two year of storage time. No activity changes were observed in this condition against all test fungi. While variable temperature condition of room temperature was found less suitable for the storage of oil. MIC against Candida albicans was increased 40\% after 2 years (\>3.5 μL/mL) and 66\% against Microsporum fulvum. Oil stored at 30{\textordmasculine}C temperature condition was found more stable upto IV testing. Slightly changes were observed during Vth testing against C. albicans, M. fulvum and M. canis. Conclusion: Present study concluded that essential oil of Thuja put away in chilliness condition can reserved their quality and properties of antifungal behaviour for long time. Accordingly, putting away of volatile oil ointment items in coolness (beneath 8{\textordmasculine}C) condition is best guidelines for long term use of therapeutic items.

}, keywords = {MIC., Microsporum, Thuja, Trichophyton, Volatile oil}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.1.24}, author = {Neetu Jain and Seema Bhadauria} }