@article {128, title = {Immunological, Biochemical, and Infant-Toddler Quality of Life Parameter-Based Study of Swarna Prashana (a Herbo-Mineral Ayurveda Preparation) in Infants}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {April 2021}, pages = {34-41}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {34}, abstract = {

Background:\ Increasing rate of emergence of newer infection, resistance to antibiotics, reoccurrence of infections, and malnutrition have created a space for an effective and safe solution of above issues to mankind.\ Swana Prashana\ is a unique concept of Indian system of medicine for improving the generalized immunity consequently helping the child to resist and fight against various infection and diseases.\ Aims:\ Study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of Swarna Prashana and Swarna Vacha Prashana in infants.\ Materials and Methods:\ A randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical study was planned in healthy infants to study the effect of\ Swarna Prashana\ in anthropometry, hematological, biochemical, immunological, and infant-toddler quality of life (ITQOL) parameters in 3 differently categorized groups namely Group A: (n\ = 39,\ Ghrita and Madhu). Group B: (n\ = 42,\ Swarna Bhasma, Ghrita and Madhu) Group C: (n\ = 38,\ Swarna Bhasma, Ghrita, Madhu\ and\ Vacha Churna).\ Results:\ The present clinical study showed statistically highly significant (P\ \< 0.001) increase in all the anthropometrical measurements of infants all three groups. The drugs did not hamper normal growth of the infants and they did not have any additional effect on enhancing the anthropometrical values. Hematological and biological parameters did not show significant difference in comparison in all groups. The results of Renal function and liver function tests were in normal limits after completion of treatment and post treatment follow-up suggestive of safe to be administered in infants. Immunological parameters also did not show significant difference of comparison in all groups except in Group C where immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, albumin, globulin levels were increased. Group C significantly improved all the ITQOL parameters while on comparison significant difference was observed in improving the physical abilities only.\ Conclusion:\ Current study suggests\ Swarna Prashana\ as infants health promotive and morbidity preventive. Author advocates a large scale randomized double blind clinical trial for further validation of impact of\ Swarna Prashan\ as mass health-care initiative.

}, keywords = {Ayurveda, Immunomodulation, Swarnaprashan, Vyadhi kshamatva}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_69_20}, author = {Satyawati Rathia and Lowkesh Chandravanshi and Virendra Kumar Kori and Kalpana Patel and Prashant Kumar Gupta} } @article {625, title = {Immune-stimulatory and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Curcuma Longa Extract and its Polysaccharide Fraction}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {April 2013}, pages = {71-79}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {71}, abstract = {

Background:\ While curcuminoids have been reported to possess diverse biological activities, the anti-inflammatory activity of polar extracts (devoid of curcuminoids) of\ Curcuma longa\ (C. longa) has seldom been studied. In this study, we have investigated immune-stimulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of an aqueous based extract of\ C. longa\ (NR-INF-02) and its fractions in presence and absence of mitogens.\ Materials and Methods:\ Effects of NR-INF-02 (Turmacin\ TM\ , Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India) on proliferation, nitric oxide (NO), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukins (ILs) and prostaglandin (PGE\ 2\ ) levels of mouse splenocytes and mouse macrophage (RAW264.7) cells were determined.\ Results:\ NR-INF-02 increased splenocytes number in presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or concanavalin A. Treatment of NR-INF-02 showed a significant increase of NO, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon (IFN) gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and MCP-1 production in unstimulated mouse splenocytes and mouse macrophages. Interestingly, NR-INF-02 showed potent inhibitory effect towards release of PGE\ 2\ and IL-12 levels in LPS stimulated mouse splenocytes. Further, NR-INF-02 was fractionated into polysaccharide fraction (F1) and mother liquor (F2) to study their immune-modulatory effects. F1 was found to be more potent than F2 toward inhibiting PGE\ 2\ and IL-12 in LPS stimulated splenocytes.\ Conclusion:\ Present findings revealed the novel anti-inflammatory property of NR-INF-02 and its polysaccharide fraction by inhibiting the secretion of IL-12 and PGE\ 2in vitro.

}, keywords = {Curcuma longa, Immunomodulation, Inflammation, Pain, Polysaccharides, Turmacin}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.110527 }, author = {Chinampudur V Chandrasekaran and Kannan Sundarajan and Jothie R Edwin and Giligar M Gururaja and Deepak Mundkinajeddu and Amit Agarwal} } @article {677, title = {Black Tea (Camellia sinensis) Decoction Shows Immunomodulatory Properties on an Experimental Animal Model and in Human Peripheral Mononuclear Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {4}, year = {2012}, month = {december,2011}, pages = {15-21}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {15}, abstract = {

Background:\ Black tea (Camellia sinensis) has been used as a daily beverage for time immemorial. Immunomodulatory effects of tea are recognized as it stimulates the proliferation of cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Anti-inflammatory effects of tea have also been depicted in the available literature. Therefore, we designed this study to examine the potential immunemodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of black tea in a rat model and in human peripheral mononuclear cells.\ Aims:\ The purpose of the study was to determine (1) evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of black tea on rats, (2) evaluation of immunemodulator effects of black tea on rats, and (3) evaluation of immunemodulator effects of black tea on human peripheral mononuclear cells.\ Materials and Methods:\ Black tea decoction (10\% and 20\%) was prepared. Acute anti-inflammatory activity of tea decoction was evaluated using carrageenan and dextran whereas chronic anti-inflammatory (Immunomodulatory) effects were evaluated in a complete Freunds{\textquoteright} adjuvant-induced arthritis model. Immunostimulatory role was evaluated in cultured human (in vitro) peripheral mononuclear cells (T-lymphocytes) by using methyl thioazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and Trypan blue assay.\ Study Design:\ An experimental study was designed.\ Results:\ Black tea decoction (10\% and 20\%) strength has shown significant anti-inflammatory effects (64.8\% and 77\% reduction, respectively), on carrageenan-induced acute inflammatory models (rat paw edema) which can be comparable with the standard drug indomethacin (89.1\%). In a chronic anti-inflammatory model, black tea decoction (10\% and 20\%) has shown significant suppressive effects on rat paw edema (38.56\% and 69.53\%) observed on 21\ st\ day. Lymphoproliferative action of tea was evaluated on human peripheral mononuclear cells using an MTT assay where the number of living cells were expressed in terms of optical density at 570 nm. An experiment has shown that black tea increases the maximum number of T-lymphocytes at 72 h with a maximum strength of 20\%. Maximum number of viable cells (T-lymphocytes) was observed with black tea at 20\% strength at 72 h. The results were expressed as mean {\textpm} SD, and the significance was evaluated by Student{\textquoteright}s\ t-test\ versus\ control, with\ P\ \< 0.05 implying significance.\ Conclusions:\ Taken together, our data indicate that black tea has potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory action and this corroborates with the current trend of tea being promoted as a {\textquoteright}health drink{\textquoteright}.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Black tea, Immunomodulation}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.91029}, author = {Chandan Chattopadhyay and Nandini Chakrabarti and Mitali Chatterjee and Sonali Mukherjee and Kajari Sarkar and A Roy Chaudhuri} } @article {949, title = {Modulating Effect of Gmelina arborea Linn. on Immunosuppressed Albino Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {January 2011}, pages = {359-363}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {359}, abstract = {

Aim: In the present study, the immunomodulatory effects of roots of Gmelina arborea Linn. were investigated. Materials and Methods: Methanolic extract of G. arborea Linn. (MEGA) and its ethyl acetate fraction (EAFME) were used for evaluating the pharmacological activity. The modulating effect was evaluated on humoral and cell-mediated immune response using animal models like cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, and humoral antibody (HA) titre. Results: Both test extracts produced significant increase in HA titre, DTH response, and levels of total white blood cell count. Conclusion: This drug is found to be a potential immunostimulant.

}, keywords = {Cellular immunity, Gmelina arborea, Humoral immunity, Immunomodulation}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.75455}, author = {SH Shukla and AK Saluja and SS Pandya} } @article {736, title = {Solanum Trilobatum in the Management of Atopy: Through Inhibition of Mast Cell Degranulation and Moderation of Release of Interleukins}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {March 2010}, pages = {10-14}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {10}, abstract = {

Solanum trilobatum is a widely used plant in the Indian indigenous systems of medicine. It is mainly used in the treatment of respiratory diseases like bronchial asthma. In our present study, we report that the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of S. trilobatum exhibited inhibition of mast cell degranulation. Further, aqueous and alcoholic extracts of S. trilobatum significantly decreased the release of IL1α and increased the release of IL8 from the cultured keratinocytes. Oral administration of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of S. trilobatum stabilized mast cells in experimental rats.

}, keywords = {Histamine, Immunomodulation, Interleukin, Mast cell, Medicinal plants, Solanum trilobatum}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.60581}, author = {MS Ranjith and A J A Ranjitsingh and S Gokul Shankar and GS Vijayalaksmi and K Deepa and K Babu and Harcharan Singh Sidhu} }