@article {126, title = {Antiarthritic and Antinociceptive Potential of Ethanolic Extract from Leaves of Doliocarpus dentatus (Aubl.) Standl. in Mouse Model}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {April 2021}, pages = {28-33}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {28}, abstract = {

Objectives:\ The folk use of\ Doliocarpus dentatus\ for pain and inflammatory conditions led our group to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antiarthritic effects of its ethanol extract from the leaves (EEDd) on mouse models.\ Results:\ Oral treatments with EEDd (100{\textendash}300 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the formalin-induced nociceptive and cold sensitivity, prevented acetic acid-induced nociceptive behavior, and prevented articular inflammation (including knee edema, leukocyte infiltration, and mechanical hyperalgesia) induced by zymosan. In the peritonitis model, betulinic acid (BA, 0.3{\textendash}30 mg/kg) and EEDd (300 mg/kg) significantly inhibited zymosan-induced leukocyte infiltration. In the complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) model, oral treatments with EEDd (100{\textendash}300 mg/kg) for 21 days significantly inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia, cold response, and edema. In the MTT viability assay, EEDd (3{\textendash}90 μg/mL) did not induce leukocytes cytotoxicity. cytotoxicity. Most models employed male and female\ Swiss\ mice or, for the CFA test, C57BL/6 mice.\ Conclusion:\ This study demonstrates that EEDd exhibited antinociceptive, antihyperalgesic, and antiarthritic potential in mice and BA contribute for the EEDd observed activities.

}, keywords = {Arthritis, Articular inflammation, Betulinic acid, Doliocarpus dentatus, Pain}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_79_20}, author = {Lidiane Schultz Branquinho and Maria Helena Verdan and Saulo Euclides Silva-Filho and Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira and Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso and Arielle Cristina Arena and Candida Aparecida Leite Kassuya} } @article {498, title = {Analgesic and Antioxidant Activities of Stem Bark Extract and Fractions of Petersianthus macrocarpus}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {May 2016}, pages = {181-185}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {181}, abstract = {

Background: Petersianthus macrocarpus (Lecythidaceae) is widely used in the folk medicine in Nigeria to relieve pain and fever associated with malaria. This study evaluated the analgesic and antioxidant activities of the methanol extract and fractions of the stem bark of the plant. Materials and Methods: The analgesic activity was determined in mice using hotplate and acetic acid-induced writhing models. Morphine sulphate (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and aspirin (100 mg/ml, p.o.) were used as reference analgesic agents. The antioxidant potential was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical; reducing power, iron chelating properties and determination of total phenolic content. Results: The extract at 200 and 500 mg/kg, produced an insignificant (P \> 0.05) increase in pain threshold in hotplate but a significant (P \< 0.05) increase at 1000 mg/kg. The extract significantly (P \< 0.05) reduced the writhing induced by acetic acid in mice in a dose dependent manner. Fractionation increased the analgesic activities significantly (P \< 0.05) in ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions (200 mg/kg). The extract demonstrated strong DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 0.05 mg/ml, good reducing power and weak iron chelating activities. The total phenol content was 142.32 mg/gin term of gallic acid. The antioxidant effects were more pronounced in ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggested that the extract has strong analgesic and antioxidant activities which reside mainly in the polar fractions thus confirming the traditional use of the plant to alleviate pains.

}, keywords = {Anti-nociceptive, Lecythidaceae, Pain, radical scavenging, writhing}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.182912}, author = {Celestina Ifeoma Orabueze and Sunday Adeleke Adesegun and Herbert Alexander Coker} } @article {625, title = {Immune-stimulatory and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Curcuma Longa Extract and its Polysaccharide Fraction}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {April 2013}, pages = {71-79}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {71}, abstract = {

Background:\ While curcuminoids have been reported to possess diverse biological activities, the anti-inflammatory activity of polar extracts (devoid of curcuminoids) of\ Curcuma longa\ (C. longa) has seldom been studied. In this study, we have investigated immune-stimulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of an aqueous based extract of\ C. longa\ (NR-INF-02) and its fractions in presence and absence of mitogens.\ Materials and Methods:\ Effects of NR-INF-02 (Turmacin\ TM\ , Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India) on proliferation, nitric oxide (NO), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukins (ILs) and prostaglandin (PGE\ 2\ ) levels of mouse splenocytes and mouse macrophage (RAW264.7) cells were determined.\ Results:\ NR-INF-02 increased splenocytes number in presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or concanavalin A. Treatment of NR-INF-02 showed a significant increase of NO, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon (IFN) gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and MCP-1 production in unstimulated mouse splenocytes and mouse macrophages. Interestingly, NR-INF-02 showed potent inhibitory effect towards release of PGE\ 2\ and IL-12 levels in LPS stimulated mouse splenocytes. Further, NR-INF-02 was fractionated into polysaccharide fraction (F1) and mother liquor (F2) to study their immune-modulatory effects. F1 was found to be more potent than F2 toward inhibiting PGE\ 2\ and IL-12 in LPS stimulated splenocytes.\ Conclusion:\ Present findings revealed the novel anti-inflammatory property of NR-INF-02 and its polysaccharide fraction by inhibiting the secretion of IL-12 and PGE\ 2in vitro.

}, keywords = {Curcuma longa, Immunomodulation, Inflammation, Pain, Polysaccharides, Turmacin}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.110527 }, author = {Chinampudur V Chandrasekaran and Kannan Sundarajan and Jothie R Edwin and Giligar M Gururaja and Deepak Mundkinajeddu and Amit Agarwal} } @article {645, title = {UP446, Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Botanical Composition}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {May 2013}, pages = {139-145}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {139}, abstract = {

Background:\ Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Long-term use of currently available therapies for RA produces adverse effects that limit dosage and duration; hence there is a need for safe and effective alternatives suitable for long term chronic use. UP446, a composition consisting primarily of baicalin from\ Scutellaria baicalensis\ Georgi (Family: Lamiaceae) and (+)-catechin from the heartwoods of\ Acacia catechu\ (Family: Mimosaceae), has been previously shown to reduce production of eicosanoids and leukotrienes through dual inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes and to decreased mRNA and protein levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α.\ Aim:\ To evaluate the likelihood of UP446 in moderating arthritis and its associated symptoms in an experimental animal model of RA.\ Materials and Methods:\ A RA rat model was induced by injecting Freund{\textquoteright}s complete adjuvant into left and right hind paw and base of the tail. Animals were administered UP446 (50 mg/kg), ibuprofen (150 mg/kg mg/kg) or vehicle by oral gavage 30 min prior to arthritis induction and each day thereafter for 14 days.\ Result:\ Animals treated with UP446 showed 23.7, 31.9, 33.4, 29.3, and 33.1\% reduction in pain sensitivity; 46.0, 36.7, 33.7, 34.8, and 33.4\% reduction in ankle diameter on days 3, 5, 7, 9, and 13; respectively; compared to vehicle. Similarly paw edema was significantly reduced with an average of 30\% for the first inflammatory reaction period (day 1-8) followed by 37.1 and 33.6\% reduction on day 9 and 13.\ Conclusion:\ These data indicate potential benefit of UP446 in alleviating symptoms of RA and support human clinical evaluation of this botanical composition in patients with RA.

}, keywords = {Acacia catechu, Inflammation, Pain, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.112406 }, author = {Mesfin Yimam and Lidia Brownell and Mandee Pantier and Qi Jia} }