@article {1393, title = {Assessment of Quality Control Parameters of Erandamoola Kwatha, Dhanvantari Taila and Yogaraja Guggulu in the Management of Non-specific Backache}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {577-580}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {577}, abstract = {

Background: Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine that promotes health and healing by using natural components. Quality and standardisation are essential to ensure the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Ayurvedic medicines. Materials and Materials: This study evaluates the quality of three widely used Ayurvedic formulations: Erandamoola Kwatha, Dhanvantari Taila and Yogaraja Guggulu through organoleptic, physicochemical and phytochemical analysis. These formulations, procured from a GMP-certified Ayurveda pharmacy, were subjected to different analytical tests to assess their properties and active constituents. Erandamoola Kwatha was analysed for its form, colour, pH, specific gravity and total solids. Results: The results are as per the in-house standards. Dhanvantari Taila underwent physicochemical analysis, including saponification, iodine value and rancidity testing, confirming its stability and quality. Yogaraja Guggulu was evaluated for disintegration time, moisture content, ash value and phytochemicals, revealing a rich profile of bioactive compounds, including steroids, flavonoids and tannins. Phytochemical screening highlighted key compounds such as cardiac glycosides and flavonoids in Erandamoola Kwatha and Yogaraja Guggulu, reinforcing their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Discussion: The results from all three formulations were consistent with traditional Ayurvedic principles and modern quality standards, supporting their safety and efficacy for therapeutic use. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of stringent quality control for Ayurvedic products, ensuring their reliability and therapeutic value. Future research should focus on bioavailability and clinical efficacy to further substantiate the therapeutic potential of these formulations.

}, keywords = {Dhanvantari Taila, Erandamoola kwatha, Physicochemical analysis, Phytochemical analysis, Quality, Yogaraja Guggulu}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252052}, author = {Ramesh Killedar and Pradeep Shindhe and Veena Kupati and Vijay Kage} } @article {1405, title = {In vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Hardwickia binata Roxbs against Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7 and Human Cervical Cancer Cell Line HeLa}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {638-644}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {638}, abstract = {

Hardwickia binata belongs to the family Caesalpiniaceae is used traditionally folklore remedies for a variety of illnesses, such as fungus, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, cancer, diarrhoea, leprosy, worm infections, dyspepsia, leucorrhoea, chronic cystitis and gonorrhoea. In the present study the leaves of Hardwickia binata were treated to solvent extraction using ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, ethanol by soxhlet. The various solvent extract were investigated for the presence of phytochemicals such as phenolic substances, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides and proteins. The phytochemical were determined by conventional qualitative test and quantitative test like total phenolic, total flavonoid content. Antioxidant activity was done by different assay method using DPPH radical scavenging assay, nitric acid scavenging, reducing power assay method. Cytotoxicity efficacy was estimated using MTT assay method against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and human cervical cancer cell line HeLa. IC50 was calculated. This study showed that Hardwickia binata leaves may have potential to inhibit cancer cell growth in addition to focus on search of phytochemicals from leaves of Hardwickia binata roxbs due to their health promising effect including antioxidant and anticancer and can be used as leading drugs to treat cancer. The plant also has excellent antioxidant activity.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Cancer cell line, Cytotoxicity assay, Hardwickia binata, Phytochemical analysis}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252098}, author = {Snehal Praful Shingade and Rajendra Baliram Kakde} } @article {1327, title = {Antimicrobial, Phytochemical Screening and GC-MS Analysis of Ruta chalepensis L. Leaves and Stems Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {985-991}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {985}, abstract = {

Background: Ruta chalepensis L. is considered as a medicinal plant with many important secondary metabolites and essential oils which widely used against many diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to examine different polar extracts of Ruta chalepensis L. leaves and stems to identify different secondary metabolites, evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the prepared extracts and study the active extracts by the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Materials and Methods: The leaves and stems of R. chalepensis were extracted by Soxhlet apparatus using different solvents of varying polarity, were phytochemically screened and, also tested against bacteria namely Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella sp. and one fungus Candida albicans using diffusion method. Results: The phytochemical screen showed the presence of various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids and coumarins. The antimicrobial assay revealed that the plant extracts exhibited efficacy against only Salmonella sp., showing resistance to other tested bacteria and fungus. The methanolic extract of leaves and stems was the most active against Salmonella sp., with a high inhibition zone (25{\textpm}0) mm and (24{\textpm}0) mm respectively, thus it was subjected to GC-MS analysis which exhibited the presence of approximately six and thirteen phytochemical constituents respectively. Conclusion: Both leaves and stems extract showed activity against Salmonella sp. The phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis indicate the presence of various secondary metabolites. Subsequently, the therapeutic efficacy compounds isolated and purified from\ Ruta chalepensis L. could be used as an important source against bacterial ailments in humans and plants.

}, keywords = {Anti-bacterial, GC-MS, Phytochemical analysis, Ruta chalepensis L}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.4.112}, author = {Sara Hussein Altayeb and Fatima Abdalgalill Khleefa and Solima Ibrahim Yagoob and Rasha Abdelnaser Abdelhadi and Omrana Ahmad Kamli and Husham Elraih Homeida and Husham Elraih Homeida and Noha Abdullah Arishi and Lolah Nasser Ogdi} } @article {1208, title = {Pharmacognostic Standardization, Heavy Metal Analysis and Antioxidant Potential of Iris kashmiriana Baker Rhizome}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {123-131}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {123}, abstract = {

Background: Iris kashmiriana Baker, often known as Mazarmond, is a plant species classified under the Iridaceae family. This specific botanical specimen has notable therapeutic properties and has been traditionally used for the treatment of many diseases. The rhizomes are considered to be a substantial repository of secondary metabolites and have been extensively investigated for their potential in many activities, including immunomodulation, anticancer capabilities, antibacterial effects, and anthelmintic qualities. Currently, there is a lack of study about the establishment of standardization methods for the plant. Aim: the purpose of this research was to conduct standardization, phytochemical analysis, heavy metal analysis, and assessment of the antioxidant capacity of the rhizomes of Iris kashmiriana Baker, a native plant found in the Kashmir valley. Materials and Methods: The botanical specimens were gathered, subjected to a process of air drying in a shaded environment, and afterwards ground into a fine powder. The techniques used for conducting pharmacognostic investigations and phytochemical screening were in compliance with the guidelines set out by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Indian Pharmacopoeia. Results: Several distinct features were observed after the implementation of organoleptic, microscopic examination, standardization, and phytochemical analysis. The quantities of all heavy metals were found to be under the acceptable range set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, the plant extracts demonstrated significant antioxidant activity. Conclusion: This research serves as a first endeavour in the process of standardizing Iris kashmiriana rhizomes, with the objective of creating a comprehensive profile of their attributes. The results obtained from this inquiry may be used as a valuable point of reference for taxonomic verification and quality control of the perennial plant. Furthermore, the use of standardized rhizomes may be investigated as a potential alternative in the field of medicine for addressing various ailments. This alternative approach presents a higher level of safety and a decreased likelihood of unpleasant responses.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant activity., Iris kashmiriana Baker, Phytochemical analysis, Standardization}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.1.15}, author = {Saeema Farooq and Roohi Mohi-ud-din and Prince Ahad Mir and Reyaz Hassan Mir and Nishant Kumar and Zulfiqar Ali Bhat} }