@article {126, title = {Antiarthritic and Antinociceptive Potential of Ethanolic Extract from Leaves of Doliocarpus dentatus (Aubl.) Standl. in Mouse Model}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {April 2021}, pages = {28-33}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {28}, abstract = {

Objectives:\ The folk use of\ Doliocarpus dentatus\ for pain and inflammatory conditions led our group to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antiarthritic effects of its ethanol extract from the leaves (EEDd) on mouse models.\ Results:\ Oral treatments with EEDd (100{\textendash}300 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the formalin-induced nociceptive and cold sensitivity, prevented acetic acid-induced nociceptive behavior, and prevented articular inflammation (including knee edema, leukocyte infiltration, and mechanical hyperalgesia) induced by zymosan. In the peritonitis model, betulinic acid (BA, 0.3{\textendash}30 mg/kg) and EEDd (300 mg/kg) significantly inhibited zymosan-induced leukocyte infiltration. In the complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) model, oral treatments with EEDd (100{\textendash}300 mg/kg) for 21 days significantly inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia, cold response, and edema. In the MTT viability assay, EEDd (3{\textendash}90 μg/mL) did not induce leukocytes cytotoxicity. cytotoxicity. Most models employed male and female\ Swiss\ mice or, for the CFA test, C57BL/6 mice.\ Conclusion:\ This study demonstrates that EEDd exhibited antinociceptive, antihyperalgesic, and antiarthritic potential in mice and BA contribute for the EEDd observed activities.

}, keywords = {Arthritis, Articular inflammation, Betulinic acid, Doliocarpus dentatus, Pain}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_79_20}, author = {Lidiane Schultz Branquinho and Maria Helena Verdan and Saulo Euclides Silva-Filho and Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira and Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso and Arielle Cristina Arena and Candida Aparecida Leite Kassuya} } @article {486, title = {UP1304, a Botanical Composition Containing Two Standardized Extracts of Curcuma longa and Morus alba, Mitigates Pain and Inflammation in Adjuvant-induced Arthritic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {February 2016}, pages = {112-117}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {112}, abstract = {

Background: Though, the initial etiologies of arthritis are multifactorial, clinically, patients share pain as the prime complaints. Present day pain relief therapeutics heavily relies on the use of prescription and over the counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as the first line of defense where their long-term usage causes gastrointestinal and cardiovascular-related side effects. Hence, the need for evidence-based safer and efficacious alternatives from natural sources to overcome the most prominent and disabling symptoms of arthritis is an overdue. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of UP1304, a composition that contains a standardized blend of two extracts from the rhizome of Curcuma longa and the root bark of Morus alba in adjuvant-induced arthritis models in rats. Materials and Methods: The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the botanical composition were demonstrated in adjuvant-induced arthritis models in rats with oral dose ranges of 50{\textendash}200 mg/kg. Ibuprofen at a dose of 100 mg/kg was used as a reference compound. Ex vivo sulfated glycosaminoglycan inhibition assays were performed. Results: Statistically significant improvements in pain resistance, suppression of paw edema and ankle thickness were observed in animals treated with UP1304 compared to vehicle-treated diseased rats. These results were similar to those achieved by ibuprofen treatment. Inhibitions of proteoglycan degradation were observed in a range of 37.5{\textendash}61.7\% for concentration of UP1304 at 50{\textendash}200 {\textmu}g/mL when compared to interleukin-1α-exposed untreated explants. Conclusions: These data suggest that UP1304, for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, could potentially be considered agent of botanical origin for the improvement of arthritis associated symptoms.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Arthritis, Bradykinin inhibition, Chronic pain, Curcuma longa, Morus alba}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.172563}, author = {Mesfin Yimam and Young-Chul Lee and Breanna Moore and Ping Jiao and Mei Hong and Jeong-Bum Nam and Mi-Ran Kim and Tae-Woo Kim and Hyun-Jin Kim and Eu-Jin Hyun and Min Chu and Lidia Brownell and Qi Jia} } @article {561, title = {Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of a methanol extract from Vitellaria paradoxa stem bark}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {October 2015}, pages = {367-377}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {367}, abstract = {

Background: Vitellaria paradoxa is a traditional medicinal plant of Cameroon. Several studies on this plant have focused on the cosmetic profile of its fruits. The present study focuses on the anti-inflammatory potency of stem barks extract of this plant. Objectives: The objective was to evaluate the effect of methanolic extract of V. paradoxa (VPME) stem barks on inflammatory response in rats. Materials and Methods: Anti-inflammatory effects of VPME were evaluated in acute and chronic (28 days) inflammation induced in Wistar albino rats. The effects on hyperalgesia and locomotors activity were also quantified. The relative weight of lymphoid organs was obtained as well as some hematological parameters. Results: In the carrageenan-induced inflammation, VPME (75 mg/kg) exhibited a significant (66.67\%) inhibition after 1 hr. On the complete Freund{\textquoteright}s adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis, VPME showed a significant protective effect with 8.12\% inflammation against 25.00\% for the control group after 2 days of the treatment. The extract (75 and 150 mg/kg) significantly reduced the score of arthritis with a maximum obtained on day 19th of the experimentation. There was a significant increase in the reaction time of rats on the hot plate as well as the exploratory activities of the animals in the open field. This extract significantly prevented weight, hemoglobin and red blood cells losses, and spleen hypertrophy. A protective action against skin destruction and cartilage erosion was evident. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the extract revealed the presence of catechins. Conclusion: These findings suggested that V. paradoxa may contribute to the reduction of the inflammatory response.

}, keywords = {Arthritis, Catechin, Hematological parameters, Hyperalgesia, Inflammation, Vitellaria paradoxa.}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.159569}, author = {Harquin Simplice Foyet and David Emery Tsala and Zogo Essono Bodo J.C and Azanfack Name Carine and Lissia Toussoumna Heroyne and Eyong Kenneth Oben} } @article {734, title = {Margaritaria Discoidea (Euphorbiaceae) Stem Bark Extract Attenuates Allergy and Freund{\textquoteright}s adjuvant-induced Arthritis in Rodents}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {March,2014}, pages = {163-171}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {163}, abstract = {

Background: Various parts of Margaritaria discoidea find use in traditional medicine in the treatment of pain and oedema. This study evaluated the anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of a 70\% (v/v) aqueous ethanol extract of the stem bark of Margaritaria discoidea, MDE in rodents. Materials and Methods: Systemic anaphylaxis was induced by the injection of compound 48/80 into mice and their survival rate was monitored to evaluate the anti-allergic action of the extract. The effect of MDE assessed on the maximal and total oedema responses in the mouse carrageenan-induced paw oedema was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of the extract while the Freund{\textquoteright}s adjuvant-induced arthritis model was employed to study the anti-arthritic effects of MDE. Results: MDE dose-dependently increased the time for compound 48/80-induced mortality in mice. MDE suppressed the mean maximal swelling and the total paw swellings induced over 6 h in the carrageenan-induced paw oedema when administered either prophylactically or therapeutically. MDE caused a reduction in serum levels of TNFα and IL-6 and significantly suppressed Freund{\textquoteright}s adjuvant-induced arthritis. Conclusion: Margaritaria discoidea suppresses allergy and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in mice. In addition it attenuates Freund{\textquoteright}s adjuvant-induced arthritis through a reduction in serum levels of TNFα and IL-6 in rats.

}, keywords = {Allergy, Anaphylaxis, Anti-inflammatory, Arthritis, Margaritaria discoidea}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.129039}, author = {David D Obiri and Newman Osafo and Joshua Oppong-Sarfo and Jude K Prah} } @article {633, title = {Anti-arthritic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Tridax Procumbens (Linn.) in Sprague Dawley Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {April 2013}, pages = { 113-117}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {113}, abstract = {

Objective:\ To determine the anti-arthritic effect of whole plant ethanolic extract of\ Tridax procumbens\ (Asteraceae) in female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats using the Freund{\textquoteright}s Complete Adjuvant (FCA) model.\ Materials and Methods:\ The plant was collected from different regions of Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, and the phytoconstituents were identified through chemical tests. Ethanol (95\%) was used to obtain the whole plant extraction through Soxhlet extractor. Female SD rats were used for anti-arthritic screening. Arthritis was induced using FCA, and the anti-arthritic effect of the ethanolic extract of\ T. procumbens\ was studied at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg. The effects were compared with those of indomethacin (10 mg/kg). At the end of the study, the liver enzyme levels were determined and a radiological examination was carried out.\ Result:\ The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of\ T. procumbens\ indicated the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins.\ T. procumbens\ at 250 and 500 mg/kg significantly inhibited the FCA-induced arthritis in the rats. This was manifested by as a decrease in the paw volume. The arthritic control animals exhibited a significant decrease in body weight compared with control animals without arthritis.\ T. procumbens\ animals showed dose dependent reduction in decrees in body weight and arthritis. At the same time,\ T. procumbens\ significantly altered the biochemical and haematological changes induced by FCA (\ P\ \< 0.05). The anti-arthritic effect of\ T. procumbens\ was comparable with that of indomethacin.\ Conclusion:\ The whole plant extract of\ T. procumbens\ showed significant anti-arthritic activity against FCA-induced arthritis in female SD rats.

}, keywords = {Arthritis, Freund's Complete Adjuvant, T. Procumbens}, doi = { 10.4103/0974-8490.110541}, author = {R Ramesh Petchi and C Vijaya and S Parasuraman} } @article {918, title = {A Study of the Anti-inflammatory Effect of the Leaves of Psidium guajava Linn. on Experimental Animal Models}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {November 2010}, pages = {313-317}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {313}, abstract = {

Introduction : The aim is to study the anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Psidium guajava (PGE) on experimental animal models. Materials and Methods : Fresh leaves were collected, air-dried, powdered, and percolated in 95\% ethanol. Acute toxicity test was done according to OECD guidelines. Four groups of animals of either sex, weighing 150-200g of the species Rattus norvegicus were taken for the study (n = 6). Group A was taken as control (3\% gum acacia in 10 mL/kg body weight), Group B as test group (PGE 250 mg/kg body weight), Group C as test group (PGE 500 mg/kg body weight), and Group D as standard (Aspirin 100 mg/kg body weight). The animals were studied for acute inflammation by Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, subacute inflammation by Granuloma pouch method, and chronic inflammation by Freund{\textquoteright}s adjuvant-induced arthritis method. Statistical analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance followed by multiple comparison tests. Results : In acute inflammation, there was significant inhibition of paw edema in Groups B, C, and D in comparison with Group A (P \< 0.05). In subacute inflammation, there was significant inhibition of exudate formation in Groups B, C, and D in comparison to Group A (P \< 0.05). In chronic inflammation, there was significant inhibition of paw edema and inhibition of weight reduction in Groups B, C, and D compared with Group A. Downregulation of arthritis index was also significant in Groups B, C, and D in comparison with Group A (P \< 0.05). Conclusion : The ethanolic extract of PGE has significant anti-inflammatory activity.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Arthritis, Carrageenan, Granuloma, Psidium guajava}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.72331}, author = {Sarmistha Dutta and Swarnamoni Das} }