@article {1360, title = {Esculetin Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles (ESC-CNPs) Ameliorates 7, 12 Dimethylbenz [a] Anthracene (DMBA) Induced Breast Cancer in Rat Model}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {207-220}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {207}, abstract = {

Aim: This study aimed to explore the chemopreventive potential of Esculetin-loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles (ESC-CNPs) against mammary carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene (DMBA) in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials and Methods: DMBA, administered subcutaneously at a dose of 25 mg/rat near the mammary gland, triggered the formation of breast tumors. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with mammary tumors via a single subcutaneous injection of DMBA. The treatment groups received ESC-CNPs orally at dosages of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight (bw). Biochemical parameters, including lipid peroxidation (TBARS and LOOH), antioxidant status (SOD, CAT, GPX and GSH), phase I (CYP450, Cyt-b5) and phase II (GST, GR) enzymes and lipid profiles (TC, TG, PL, FFA), were evaluated in plasma and breast tissues. Additionally, the expression of VEGF, NF-kB and Cyclin D1 was analyzed through histopathology and western blotting. Results: DMBA-induced rats exhibited decreased body weight, increased tumor volume and incidence, elevated lipid peroxidation, reduced antioxidant status, altered liver and mammary tissue enzyme levels and disrupted lipid profiles. ESC-CNPs treatment, particularly at 100 mg/kg bw, significantly reduced tumor occurrence, normalized biochemical markers and downregulated VEGF, NF-kB and Cyclin D1 expression in mammary tissues. Conclusion: ESC-CNPs, at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw, demonstrated a potent chemopreventive effect against DMBA-induced mammary cancer, as evidenced by biochemical, histopathological and molecular findings.

}, keywords = {Antioxidants, Breast cancer, Chitosan Nanoparticles, DMBA, Esculetin}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20251996}, author = {Siva Sankari Thirugnanam and Subashini Ragunathan and Monisha Prasad} } @article {1191, title = {Additive Effects of High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) in Experimental Oral Carcinogenesis}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {819-830}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {819}, abstract = {

Introduction: Nowadays, fructose uses dramatically increased in form of High-Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) found in juices and packed food. Sustained fructose utilization is detrimental to long-term human health. Objectives: To assess the additive effects of HFCS during 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)Anthracene (DMBA)-induced Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis (HBPCs) model. Materials and Methods: The animals were separated into eight groups: Group I; vehicle control; Group II (0.5\% DMBA); Group III and IV (HFCS 8\% and 25\%); Group V (Sucrose 10\%); Group VI and VII (0.5\% DMBA+HFCS 8 and 25\%) and VIII group (0.5\% DMBA+Sucrose 10\%) respectively for 14 weeks. After the 14th week of treatment; the tumor morphology, buccal histopathology, and biochemical markers were measured and compared with carcinogenic control as well as vehicle control. Observations and Results: The buccal pouch of golden Syrian hamsters developed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma after getting topical applications of 0.5\% DMBA in liquid paraffin three times a week for 14 weeks. Although DMBA treatment alone caused 100\% tumor development in hamsters, drinking water administration of HFCS at a concentration of 25\%/kg body weight (b.w.) to DMBA-treated hamster greatly accelerated the development of oral tumors. Additionally, during DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis, HFCS moderatingly increased the lipid peroxidation by-products, decreased the status of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, modulated the levels of phase I and phase II detoxification agents, and favored the excretion of carcinogenic metabolite. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the additive effect of HFCS relies on its altered peroxidative and antioxidant function as well as effects on phase I and II detoxification enzymes during DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Taken together the current study described that HFCS induced oral tumour development. From this study we suggested HFCS usage to be curtailed.

}, keywords = {Antioxidants, Detoxification enzymes, DMBA, Hamsters, HFCS, Lipid peroxidation, Oral cancer}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.4.087}, author = {Kavitha Kalimuthu and Sindhu Ganapathy and Balamurugan Elumalai and Asha Kumarasamypillai Radha Thayammal and Veeran Veeravarmal and Vijayalakshmi Annamalai} }