@article {1382, title = {Phytopharmacological Insights into Ricinus communis: A Comprehensive Overview}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {348-357}, type = {Review Article }, chapter = {348}, abstract = {

Medicinal plants are used in the traditional medicinal system and in Ayurveda globally. Euphorbiaceae is a large family which contains more than 3000 species. Ricinus communis or castor bean plant is well-known plant of Ayurveda. The herbal and natural medicines are the cost-effective and they have lesser side effects than currently available medicines in the market. Ricinus communis has many phytoconstituents such as ricinine, ricin A, ricin B, ricin C, ricinoleic acid, Y-sitosterol, fucosterol, stigmasterol, ricinus agglutin etc. which are responsible for various pharmacological activities. Traditionally, it has various pharmacological properties such as antioxidant activity, antifertility activity, antiulcer activity, antidiabetic activity, antimicrobial activity, hepatoprotective activity, immunomodulatory activity, bone regeneration activity, cytotoxic activity, anti-inflammatory activity etc. They also exhibited free radical scavenging potential along with repellent properties. The main objective of this review is to reveal all updated information{\textquoteright}s like phytochemicals, pharmacological activities of Ricinus communis by scientific evidences.

}, keywords = {Herbal Medicines, Medicinal plants, Pharmacological activities, Phytochemicals, Ricinus communis}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20251940}, author = {Surya Nath Pandey and Prashant Kumar and Harishchandra Verma and Sumit Durgapal and Balwan Singh} } @article {1222, title = {An Eye-Catching and Comprehensive Review of Melia azedarach Linn{\textquoteright}s (Paradise Tree)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {211-218}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {211}, abstract = {

Numerous plants have therapeutic and pharmacological significance in the traditional system of medicine. Plants and their products, which are extremely helpful for a variety of animals and humans, are the primary source of food and medicine. Local names for the tree Melia azedarach (family: Meliaceae) include "bakain" or "drek" in Hindi, "Persian lilac" or "China tree" in English, and "Fleurs lilas" in French. It is widely referred to as "paraiso" or paradise in South America and as Indian lilac or white cedar in the US. Indigenous and tribal people in India have traditionally used the entire plant or specific parts of it (the leaves, stem, and roots) for medicinal purposes. Melia azedarach is used as an ayurveda and unani medicine in India and Arab nations, respectively, for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, insecticidal, rodenticidal, anti-diarrheal, deobstruent, diuretic, antidiabetic, cathartic, emetic, antirheumatic, and antihypertensive properties. It is employed in the production of furniture, plywood, boxes, poles, tool handles, and fuel wood. It is frequently grown as a shade tree in abaca (Musa textilis) and coffee plantations. The tree is a well-known ornamental. Therefore, the current study aims to provide a thorough overview of the literature on its botanical information, phytochemical reports, pharmacological research, and therapeutic significance.

}, keywords = {Bakan, Botanical description, Drek, Melia azedarach., Pharmacological activities}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.2.27}, author = {N.S. Disha and E. Karthikeyan} } @article {39, title = {{\textquotedblleft}Haripriya{\textquotedblright} God{\textquoteright}s Favorite: Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. - At a Glance}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Resea}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {February 2020}, pages = {1-16}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

The Kadam tree is highly regarded as religiously and culturally in India being sacred to Lord Krishna, and hence, the tree is also known as Haripriya, God{\textquoteright}s favorite. This article provides a detailed review of Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb) Miq. (family {\textendash} Rubiaceae) that covers taxonomical classification, vernacular names, geographical distribution, botanical description, ethnobotanical information, pharmacological studies, and phytochemistry. Several parts of this plant have a number of traditional applications for treating humanity, which includes mouth ulcer, subdermal inflammatory deposits, stomatitis, fever, gastric disturbance, astringent, febrifuge, antiseptic, diuretics, anemia, uterine complaints, increase breast milk in lactating women, improvement of semen quality in men, nanotechnology, and agroforestry. The plant parts produce various pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, antitumor, nephrotoxicity, diuretic and laxative, antihepatotoxic, hypolipidemic, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antifilarial antimalarial, sedative, antiepileptic, urolithiatic, immunomodulatory, antivenom, gastroprotective, anthelminthic, wound healing, antimicrobial, geranyl acetate esterase inhibition along with toxicological studies, nanotechnology, and agroforestry, which are newly added applications. Many phytoconstituents were isolated using various solvents and obtained compounds, such as cadambine, 3α-dihydrocadambine, isodihydrocadambine, β-sitosterol, amygdalin, phelasin, ursolic acid, linalool, and geraniol that belong to alkaloids, coumarins, terpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenes glycosides, sterols, flavonoids, amides, and fatty acids. Various solvent extracts and their gas chromatography{\textendash}mass spectrometry studies have confirmed structures of some important phytoconstituents. Hence, this review can be a good reference for researchers who are willing to continue further research about A. cadamba.

}, keywords = {Anthocephalus cadamba, Ethnobotanical information, Haripriya, Pharmacological activities, Phytoconstituents}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_102_19}, author = {Sumanta Mondal and Kausik Bhar and Ashes Sinha Mahapatra and Joy Mukherjee and Prasenjit Mondal and Syed Tazib Rahaman and Aishwarya P Nair} }