@article {1341, title = {Development of Novel Carrier System: A Key Approach to Enhance Bioavailability of Herbal Medicines}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {1-10}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Medicinal herbs have been utilised for thousands of years to cure various medical conditions. Medicinal herbs continue to play a significant role in the health care systems of a significant portion of the global population, particularly in developing nations. However, water soluble phytoconstituents (such as flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids) are poorly absorbed via passive diffusion or because of their poor lipid solubility and consequently demonstrating poor bioavailability. The majorities of physiologically active constituents are polar or water-soluble molecules. Herbal medications are beneficial when used properly, but they can be challenging to recognize, extract from and administer; as a result, adjustments are required to address these issues. The novel formulations of plant actives and extracts are reported to have notable benefits over traditional formulations. These benefits include increased solubility, bioavailability and toxicity protection; improved pharmacological activity; enhanced stability; improved tissue macrophage distribution; sustained delivery; and protection against physical and chemical degradation. NDDS encompasses a range of innovative delivery systems, including solid-lipid nanoparticles, transferosomes, phytosomes, microspheres, microemulsions and ethosomes. This review{\textquoteright}s goal is to provide an overview of several NDDS for the delivery of herbal medications.

}, keywords = {Microemulsions, Microspheres, Nanoparticles, Pharmacokinetics, Phytosomes}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20251933}, url = {https://readarticle.org/lensarticle/development-of-novel-carrier-system-a-key-approach-to-enhance-bioavailability-of-herbal-medicines/}, author = {Anuradha Karbhari Chavan and Anilkumar Uttamchand Tatiya} } @article {1157, title = {Effect of Cholesterol and Different Solvents on Particle Size, Zeta Potential and Drug Release of Eucalyptus Oil Phytosome}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {578-590}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {578}, abstract = {

Background: Herbal extracts show poor absorption and bioavailability but their complex with phospholipids i.e., phytosome improves this major problem. Aim: The aim of research was to examine the effect of cholesterol and different organic solvents on particle size and zeta potential of eucalyptus oil phytosome. Materials and Methods: Totally six batches of phytosomes were prepared using three solvents chloroform, dichloromethane, acetone, with and without addition of cholesterol. Phytosome were evaluated for yield, FTIR, partial size and zeta potential, drug entrapment and drug release, drug release kinetics and stability studies. Results: The yield, density refractive index and maximum absorbance (λmax) of eucalyptus oil was found to be 1.65{\textpm}0.74\%, 0.9928 g/cm{\textthreesuperior} (24.2{\textdegree}C), 1.3613(24.6{\textdegree}C), and 297.733 nm respectively. There was no drug excipient interaction. The yield varied from 85.14{\textpm}0.74 to 87.14{\textpm}0.74\%, particle size varied from 71.76{\textpm}0.63 to 197.36{\textpm}0.53 nm, zeta potential varied from 15.3{\textpm}0.27 to-28.2{\textpm}0.26 mV and entrapment efficiency varied from 57.45{\textpm}0.35 to 67.34{\textpm}0.52 respectively. The in vitro drug release varied from 87.26{\textpm}0.63 to 71.35{\textpm}0.63\% up to 300 min (5 hr) and batch-A was selected as best formulation that showed Peppas Korsmeyer as the best fit model with R2 value 0.9422 and mechanism of drug release was Fickian Diffusion (Higuchi Matrix). The stability studies showed 99.14{\textpm}0.25 to 99.55{\textpm}0.52\% drug content on 28th day. Conclusion: The particle size of phytosomes was increased on addition of cholesterol. The acetone showed the smallest particle size and chloroform showed the biggest particle size that indicated that molecule diameter and molecular weight affects the solubility and assembly of phospholipid/ cholesterol in solvent in order to prepare particulate drug delivery system

}, keywords = {Eucalyptus, Evaluation, Particle size, Phytosomes, Zeta potential.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.3.061}, author = {Sharad Visht and Sana Sirwan Salih} } @article {1151, title = {Formulation and Evaluation of Phytosomes of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Adiantum capillus-veneris for Antimicrobial Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {468-477}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {468}, abstract = {

Background: Natural plant extracts and phytoconstituents have high in vitro bioactivity but low in vivo bioactivity because of poor lipid solubility, multiple ring large molecules, or digestion in the gut. Polyphenolic phytoconstituents were complexed with phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylcholine, which molecularly attaches components to one another to produce novel drug delivery systems like phytosomes. The important constituents of the herbal extract are designed to protect from being disrupted by gastric juices and gut bacteria, as phytosomes have the ability to cross the bio-membranes that which are lipid enriched and boost bioavailability. Objectives: The current work is aimed to formulate and evaluate phytosomes from Adiantum capillus-veneris (ACV) hydroalcoholic extract for antimicrobial activity. Materials and Methods: Antisolvent precipitation method was chosen on the basis of the solubility of hydroalcoholic extract in dichloromethane. The prepared trial batches of the phytosomes complex were characterized by using particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, drug content, and in vitro drug release study. The optimized batch of phytosomes was characterized for compatibility studies by using Infrared Spectrometry (IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TSM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and further for stability studies. Results: The results revealed that ACV hydroalcoholic extract and phosphatidylcholine were found to be connected by a non-covalent bond and did not generate a new molecule in the ACV hydroalcoholic extract-phosphatidylcholine complex and showed enhanced in vitro antimicrobial activity as compared to the hydroalcoholic extract. Conclusion: The complex{\textquoteright}s dissolution profile was found to be improved. As a result, the phospholipid complex of ACV extract can therefore be concluded to have the potential to enhance bioavailability.

}, keywords = {Adiantum capillus-veneris (ACV), Antimicrobial activity., H-ACV extract phytosomes, Hydroalcoholic extract, Phytosomes}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.3.048}, author = {Supriya Ganesh Jagtap and Vedant Vinay Kajale and Mukta Mahesh Abhyankar and Aditi Shrinivas Kulkarni and Minal Rushikesh Ghante} }