@article {1135, title = {Antidiabetic Potential and Chronic Toxicity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Echeveria subrigida Leaves}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {February 2023}, pages = {315-327}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {315}, abstract = {

Background: Echeveria subrigida extracts have biological activities of human health importance. However, the in vivo effects on glucose levels and chronic toxicity are unknown. Objectives: To analyse the in vivo hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w.) and chronic toxicity (1000 mg/kg b.w. for 270 days) of the hydroalcoholic extract of E. subrigida (HE{\textendash}Es) in BALB/c mice. Materials and Methods: The HE{\textendash}Es was analysed by HPLC. Glucose levels were measured to establish the effects on glycemia. Different parameters were registered in the toxicity assay: e.g., feed consumption, appearance/behaviour, biochemical and haematological parameters and liver and kidney histologies. Results: Quercetin{\textendash}3-O-β-glucoside and isorhamnetin{\textendash}3-O-β-glucoside were the main flavonoids in the HE{\textendash}Es. Glycemia was reduced by the HE{\textendash}Es (200 mg/kg b.w., 49.1\%) and glibenclamide (10 mg/kg b.w., 52\%) treatments. Comparing the antihyperglycemic activities, similar reductions were found between HE{\textendash}Es (100 mg/kg b.w., 29.32\%; 200 mg/kg, 28.99\%) and acarbose (10 mg/kg b.w., 19.87\%) treatments. On the other hand, the HE{\textendash}Es was innocuous in mice (LD50 \> 1000 mg/kg b.w.), and the results suggested that HE{\textendash}Es had adaptogenic, and immunostimulant activities. The hepatic and renal histologies were normal; however, male mice showed level zero steatosis that disappeared in the HE{\textendash}Es satellite after treatment withdrawal. Conclusion: This study reports for the first time the in vivo effects on blood glucose levels of HE{\textendash}Es and chronic toxicity of a Crassulaceae plant, supporting the antidiabetic potential and safety of HE{\textendash}Es. Future studies must corroborate the effects of HE{\textendash}Es in humans, allowing its use in high-value formulations.

}, keywords = {Antihyperglycemia, Crassulaceae family, Hypoglycemia, Plant natural extract, Safety}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.2.034}, author = {Belinda Heredia-Mercado and Francisco Delgado-Vargas and Lorenzo Ulises Osuna-Mart{\'\i}nez and Elvic Noguera-Corona and Jos{\'e} {\'A}ngel L{\'o}pez-Valenzuela and Rosalio Ramos-Pay{\'a}n and Gabriela L{\'o}pez-Angulo} } @article {1201, title = {Evaluation of in vitro Hypoglycemic Activity and Mechanism of Action of Olax scandens Roxb. Stem Bark Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {59-66}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {59}, abstract = {

Background: Olax scandens Roxb. (Olacaceae) is a scandent thorny shrub used by many ethnic tribes of Asia to cure stomach ache, diarrhoea, fever, cough, mouth ulcers, anaemia, filaria, joint pains, intestinal and liver diseases and diabetes. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to investigate the in vitro hypoglycemic activity and mechanism of action of O. scandens stem bark extracts in five different in vitro models at different glucose concentrations. Materials and Methods: Various extracts of O. scandens stem bark was studied for their effect on glucose adsorption, glucose diffusion, glucose uptake by yeast cells, alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase inhibition at different glucose concentrations. Results: In the glucose adsorption method, the butanolic extract showed statistically significant increase in glucose bound concentration of 7.35 mM/L at 100 mM glucose concentration used. All extracts showed a significant retardation in glucose diffusion across a dialysis membrane into the external medium, at different time intervals. GDRI of ethyl acetate extract was 84.471 at 30 min whereas the butanolic extract and aqueous ethanolic extract showed highest GDRI of 80.267 and 70.386 at 120 min respectively. In the method of glucose uptake by yeast cells, aqueous ethanolic and butanolic extracts both showed significantly higher uptake of glucose of 65\% at 5 mg/mL concentration. The ethyl acetate extract and standard acarbose showed 26.25\% and 35\% inhibition of alpha glucosidase respectively at 100 μg/mL concentration. Whereas at the same concentration, ethyl acetate extract and acarbose showed 48.922\% and 63.093\% inhibition of alpha amylase. Conclusion: Significant in vitro hypoglycemic activity was seen in glucose diffusion method suggesting a possible role of fibre which may retard glucose release across the dialysis membrane. This mechanism can be correlated with retardation in the transport of glucose across the intestinal lumen thus causing a reduction in post prandial hyperglycemia.

}, keywords = {Hypoglycemia, in vitro, Olax scandens, Stem bark}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.1.8}, author = {Zareen Nazia and Venkatesh Sama and Rao Basava V.V and Bolleddu Rajesh} }