@article {1346, title = {Diabetes: Exploring the Intersection of Metabolic Disorders, Lifestyle Factors and Herbal Remedies: A Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {11-17}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {11}, abstract = {

A chronic metabolic disorder, Diabetes mellitus significantly poses a health challenge globally. The escalating prevalence of diabetes, coupled with concerns regarding the side effects of conventional antidiabetic drugs, has spurred increased interest in exploring alternative therapeutic approaches. Herbal medicines, deeply rooted in traditional healing practices, have emerged as promising candidates for managing diabetes. The objective of this review is to optimise the current scientific literature on herbal medicines employed as antidiabetic agents. The review encompasses an in-depth analysis of diverse medicinal plants which have potential for management of T2DM. The potential of these herbal remedies in improving insulin sensitivity, modulating glucose metabolism and mitigating diabetes-related complications are established. Furthermore, the review critically examines clinical studies evaluating the potency and safe usage of herbal medicines in diabetic populations. Emphasis is placed on highlighting the need for further research and addressing challenges associated with standardization and quality check of herbal preparation. The integration of herbal medicines into mainstream diabetes care is explored, considering the potential for synergistic use with conventional therapies. In nutshell; this review consolidates existing knowledge, sheds light on promising avenues for future research and emphasizes the significance of herbal medicines in the quest for effective, safe and sustainable antidiabetic interventions. The wealth of traditional wisdom encapsulated in these natural remedies presents a valuable resource in the pursuit of novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes management.

}, keywords = {Antidiabetic activity, Diabetes, Herbal plants, Metabolic Disorder, T2DM}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20251951}, url = {https://readarticle.org/lensarticle/diabetes-exploring-the-intersection-of-metabolic-disorders-lifestyle-factors-and-herbal-remedies-a-review/}, author = {Shweta Bhandari and Rahul Trivedi and Rajesh A. Maheshwari and Swetaba Besh and Maitri Mahant and Sapana Patil and Vishal Garg and Ram Singh} } @article {1257, title = {A Comprehensive Review of Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activity Profile of Achyranthes aspera}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {472-482}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {472}, abstract = {

For centuries, humans have harnessed the healing properties of plants to address diverse health conditions. Ancient systems like Ayurveda and Unani medicine hold a rich repository of knowledge extolling the virtues of herbal remedies. Achyranthes aspera, one prolific native herbaceous plant in the South America, Asia and Africa often prospers as one common weed. Its many applications in traditional medicine for treating various diseases are at the heart of this global research. Achyranthes aspera is diverse many chemical ingredients, including terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, saponins and flavonoids. This paper provides a thorough examination and elucidation of the phytochemical composition across different parts of Achyranthes aspera, delving into its traditional uses and expounding upon its pharmacological properties.

}, keywords = {Achyranthes aspera, Anti- microbial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-oxidant, Antidiabetic activity}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.3.57}, author = {Nem Kumar Jain and Shubham Anand and Priyanka Keshri and Santosh Kumar and Akshay Singh Sengar and Manoj Kumar Bajhaiya and Devendra Dhanorya and Sapna Yadav and Hema Katra and Sajal Mishra} } @article {1291, title = {Ethnomedicinal Plants, Associated Indigenous Knowledge and Phytochemical Composition of Extracts with Significant in vitro Antidiabetic Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {769-783}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {769}, abstract = {

Background: Despite increasing popularity of ethnomedicinal plants in diabetes type 2 management nowadays, indigenous knowledge of their use is often not documented but rather passed on orally from generation to generation. Thus, the present study was designed to collect, analyze, document and generate useful information on ethnomedicinal plants used in management of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DMT2). Materials and Methods: Data on ethnomedicinal use was collected using guided interviews, tour guides and information compared with literature search. Model in vitro enzyme inhibition assays were employed to investigate antidiabetic activity of the plants ethanol/water (60/40) extracts. Shinoda, Mayer Salkowski test and LC-MS/MS coupled with library search software{\textquoteright}s was used to determine phytochemical composition of the most active extracts. Results: The ethnobotanical survey identified 30 medicinal plant species belonging to 18 plant families of which 14 (46.7)\% are newly reported here for their claim as anti DMT2 medicine. Among the 30 plant species reported, 10 were very popular with informant consensus factor of >=60\%. The ethanolic/water (60/40) mixture extract of Zanthoxylum chalybeum, Xeroderris stuhlmannii, Syzygium cordatum and Eureiandra fasciculate showed the greatest in vitro antidiabetic activity, \>70\%. The present results shows that ethnomedicine plays an important part in the management of DMT2 with Zanthoxylum chalybeum, Xeroderris stuhlmannii, Syzygium cordatum and Eureiandra fasciculate being the most appraised ethnomedicinal plants. Standard chemical tests and LC-MS/MS analysis showed that the extracts consist of mostly C-glycosylated flavonoids and to lesser extent O-glycosylated f lavonoids, alkaloids and phenolic acids. Conclusion: The generated results will be important in the prioritization of the plant species for polyherbal drug formulation and further investigation.

}, keywords = {Antidiabetic activity, Eethnomedicines, In vitro enzyme inhibition studies}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.4.89}, author = {Pardon Mugari and Stephen Nyoni and Pamhidzai Dzomba} } @article {121, title = {Study of Antidiabetic Properties of Uvaria narum Leaf Extract through Glucose Uptake and Glucose Transporter 4 Expression Studies in 3T3L1 Cell Line Model}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {August 2019}, pages = {304-309}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {304}, abstract = {

Background: Uvaria narum (UN) is known to have antipyretic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antimalarial properties. The antidiabetic properties of UN remains unexplored. The current study has been aimed at understanding the antidiabetic property of UN extract on an in vitro model using 3T3-L1 cell line. Materials\ and Methods: Methanolic extract of UN was prepared, and its cytotoxic effect on 3T3-L1 cells was assessed. Glucose uptake and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation in 3T3-L1 cell line on treatment with the extract was evaluated against a standard drug, metformin. α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition activities of the extract were also assayed with acarbose as the standard drug. Results: Treatment with UN extract had no cytotoxic effect on the cells. UN extract showed a good percentage inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. UN extract showed 71.31\% inhibition and the control drug Acarbose exhibited 88.54\% inhibition in α-amylase activity. Furthermore, the extract showed 79.11\% inhibition when Acarbose exhibited 87.35\% inhibition in α-glucosidase activity. IC50 values were also determined. Further, on treatment with the extract, 75.49\% of 3T3-L1 cells took up glucose and 70.67\% had GLUT4 expression. Conclusion: UN extract enhances glucose uptake and GLUT4 expression, inhibits α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, thereby demonstrating the antidiabetic properties in vitro.

}, keywords = {3T3-L1, Alucose transporter 4, Antidiabetic activity, Uvaria narum, α-amylase, α-glucosidase.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_7_19}, author = {Murad Alsawalha and P. B. Janardhana and K. R. Padma and Shiva Shankar Reddy and Abeer M. Al-Subaie and Srinivasa Rao Bolla and Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan and Joel P. Joseph and Surapaneni Krishna Mohan} } @article {420, title = {In vitro Assessment of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, Anti-inflammatory, and Antidiabetic Activities of Campanula retrorsa Crude Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {October 2018}, pages = {397-403}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {397}, abstract = {

Background: Campanula retrorsa belongs to the Campanulaceae family and the Campanula genus. The species of this latter are traditionally known for their antiallergic, spasmolytic, antiphlogistic, antioxidant, and antiviral properties. Few studies were realized on the bioactivity of Calicotome villosa crude extracts. Objective: The objective was to investigate, for the first time, the antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory potentials of dichloromethane, methanol, and aqueous crude extracts of C. retrorsa leaves, flowers, and stems. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant activity of different crude extracts was determined using the free radical, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. Antimicrobial activity against three Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Enterococcus faecium), two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumanii) bacterial strains and a fungal strain (Candida albicans) was evaluated in a plate-hole diffusion assay. Cytotoxic activity of C. retrorsa dichloromethane and methanol crude extracts on Hela cells was realized using the Trypan blue dye exclusion technique. Antidiabetic activity against α-glucosidase and anti-inflammatory activity against bee venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) were assessed using a colorimetric test. Results: Leaf and flower aqueous extracts possessed very high radical scavenging activity = 90\%. The dichloromethane extracts of leaves and flowers were the most active against A. baumanii and C. albicans. After 48 h of treatment, all extracts except the methanol flower extract showed an inhibition of 90\% of cell growth at 2 mg/mL. Dichloromethane and methanol stem crude extracts showed a modest inhibition of α-glucosidase. While no inhibition of the PLA2 was displayed by any of the tested extracts. Conclusion: Obtained results give an overall view on C. retrorsa crude extracts{\textquoteright} bioactivities.

}, keywords = {Antidiabetic activity, Bioactivity, Campanula retrorsa, Crude extracts, cytotoxicity}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_73_18}, author = {Josiane Alhage and Hoda Elbitar and Samir Taha and Thierry Benvegnu} } @article {816, title = {Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Cassia occidentalis Linn. for The Management of Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {July 2010}, pages = {132-137}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {132}, abstract = {

Aim: As per traditional claims, root, bark, leaf and flower of the plant Cassia occidentalis Linn. (Caesalpiniaceae) have been reported to possess antidiabetic activity. Based on this traditional indication, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of C. occidentalis in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extract of the whole plant of C. occidentalis was orally tested at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg for evaluating the hypoglycemic effect in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In addition, changes in body weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride and total protein levels, assessed in the ethanol extract treated diabetic rats were compared with diabetic control and normal animals. Histopathologic observations during 21 days of treatment were also evaluated. Results: Ethanolic extract of C. occidentalis produced a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose levels in the normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Treatment with ethanolic extract of C. occidentalis in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats led to a dose-dependent fall in blood sugar levels. Significant differences were observed in serum lipid profiles (cholesterol and triglyceride), serum protein and changes in body weight in ethanolic extract treated diabetic animals, when compared with the diabetic control and normal animals. Concurrent histopathologic studies of the pancreas of these animals showed comparable regeneration by ethanolic extract, which were earlier necrosed by alloxan. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of C. occidentalis exhibited significant antidiabetic activity in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The rats also showed improvement in parameters like body weight and lipid profiles and also, histopathologic studies showed regeneration of β-cells of pancreas and so it might be of value in the treatment of diabetes.

}, keywords = {Alloxan, Antidiabetic activity, Cassia occidentalis, Histopathology}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.65506}, author = {Laxmi Verma and PK Singour and PK Chaurasiya and H Rajak and RS Pawar and UK Patil} } @article {923, title = {Antidiabetic Effect of Nauclea latifolia Leaf Ethanolic Extract in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {1}, year = {2009}, month = {January 2010 }, pages = {392-395}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {392}, abstract = {

The antidiabetic and possible toxicity of ethanolic extract of the leaf of Nauclea latifolia was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Doses of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg body weight were given orally to the STZ-induced diabetic rats daily for 45 days. All the doses showed significant hypoglycaemic effect. The effect is however not dose dependent. Indices of liver and kidney functions studied were not statistically affected by the extract administration. Ethanolic extract of the leaf of N. latifolia thus exhibited antidiabetic action in STZ-induced diabetic rats with minimal toxicity.

}, keywords = {Antidiabetic activity, Diabetes mellitus, Nauclea latifolia, STZ-induced diabetic rats}, doi = {Nil}, author = {Gidado Abubakar and A. Ameh Danladi and E. Atawodi Sunday and Ibrahim Sani} }