@article {1017, title = {Antidiarrheal and Antioxidant Activities of the Aerial Parts of Caralluma dalzielii N. E. Brown}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {82-88}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {82}, abstract = {

Background: Caralluma dalzielii N.E. Brown is commonly referred to as {\textquotedblleft}Karan massalanci{\textquotedblright} in the Northwest Nigeria where it is used in treating several ailments including pain, diarrhea and stomach issues. Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate the antidiarrheal and antioxidant activities of aqueous aerial parts extract of Caralluma dalzielii. Materials and Methods: The aqueous aerial parts extract of Caralluma dalzielii (CDE) (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated for antidiarrheal properties against gastrointestinal motility, castor oil-induced and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) enteropooling models in Wistar rats. Its antioxidant properties were studied by determining the total phenolic content (TPC) using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, its free radical scavenging activity using 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and its ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays using potassium ferrocyanide ferric chloride methods. Ascorbic acid was used as the reference. Spasmolytic effect was studied in isolated rabbit jejunum preparations in an organ bath experiment using acetylcholine (ACh). Results: CDE significantly (p\<0.05) reduced gastrointestinal transit of charcoal meal and the total number of diarrheal feces in the animals. The total phenolic content was determined to be 36.67{\textpm}3.33 mg GAE/g. IC50 value of 63.44 mg/mL was calculated in DPPH assay. The FRAP value was found to increase as the concentration of the extract increased. CDE inhibited acetylcholine-induced contraction of the rabbit jejunum in a concentration dependent manner with complete inhibition at 20.48 mg/mL of the extract. Conclusion: The extract of Caralluma dalzielii possesses antidiarrheal activities which may be related to its antimotility, antioxidant and antispasmodic properties.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Antispasmodic, Caralluma dalzielii, Gastrointestinal motility, Rabbit jejunum.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.1.12}, url = {https://phcogres.com/fulltext/v14i1/105530pres14112.html}, author = {Chinenye J. Ugwah-Oguejiofor and Halilu E. Mshelia and Junaidu Bello and Isah Inuwa and Abdullahi Sulaiman} } @article {1098, title = {Anti-spasmodic and Gastroprotective Activities of Harungana madagascariensis Leaf: A Traditional Anti-diarrhoea Remedy}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {October 2022}, pages = {492-498}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {492}, abstract = {

Background: Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. (Hypericaceae) leaf extract is used by some communities in the Niger Delta to treat diarrhoea, ulcers, and wounds. Objectives: This study investigated the antispasmodic, antimotility and gastroprotective properties of methanol:dichloromethane (1:1) extract of H. madagascariensis leaves (HME). Materials and Methods: The antispasmodic activity was evaluated in vitro using actions on contractions of guinea pig ileum and rabbit jejunum provoked by spasmogens. The actions of HME on gastrointestinal transit was assessed in vivo using normal defaecation and charcoal meal transit time tests in rodents. The actions of HME on gastric ulcers produced by ethanol and indomethacin were investigated. The HME was also subjected to phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity tests. Results: The HME suppressed contractions of isolated rabbit jejunum and guinea pig ileum elicited by histamine and acetylcholine. The extract elicited significant (P\<0.05) reduction of normal defaecation (12.50 - 100\%) and gastrointestinal propulsion of charcoal meal in mice (17.60 - 43.08\%). Additionally, the extract significantly (P\<0.05) prevented both ethanol- and indomethacin-induced stomach ulcers. An oral LD50 \>5000 mg/kg in mice was obtained by an acute toxicity assay on HME. Conclusion: The findings showed that the leaf of H. madagascariensis has gastroprotective, antispasmodic, and antimotility properties.

}, keywords = {Charcoal meal test, Gastric lesions, Gastrointestinal motility, Guinea pig ileum, Rabbit jejunum, Tyrode solution}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.4.71}, author = {Adaobi C. Ezike and Nwoyi N. Bassey and Emenike C. Amah and Daniel U. Nwankpa and Aniebiet E. Samuel and John O. Medewase} }