@article {1228, title = {In silico and Biological Screening of Phytochemicals against NMDA Receptor for Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease Therapeutics}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {244-253}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {244}, abstract = {

Background: Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease (AD), characterized by irreversible neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, lacks a definitive cure, and current medications merely alleviate symptoms. Cognitive manifestations in AD are linked to disrupted glutamatergic neurotransmission, where β-Amyloid (A) accumulation at specific synapses interacts with glutamine synthetase, causing enzyme inactivation and subsequent NMDA signalling impairment. Dysregulation of glutamine synthetase leads to NMDA receptor hyper activation, resulting in neuronal damage and cell death. Aim: The focus of this investigation is on N-Methyl D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which belong to the ionotropic glutamate receptor family and play vital roles in various physiological and pathological processes such as neuron development, synaptic plasticity, and central nervous system learning and memory. This study seeks to analyze target data to differentiate between effective and ineffective options for virtual screening. Utilizing this information, the study aims to generate a novel or enhanced reaction product. Materials and Methods: Computational embedding was employed to explore interactions between NMDA receptors and phytoconstituents of selected plants, including Amla, Shankhapushpi, Giloy, Ashwagandha, and Turmeric. ADMET descriptions for well-known botanical compounds were also scrutinized. Results: Structural analysis of 75 compounds derived from selected phytochemicals was conducted based on molecular properties. Key compounds were identified, and additional ADMET properties were evaluated. Quercetin emerged as the top-ranking compound based on shear score, shear strength, and molecular interactions with NMDA receptors. Conclusion: This computational study identifies specific plants as potential NMDA receptor antagonists, offering promise for mitigating Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease symptoms in the future.

}, keywords = {ADMET descriptions, Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease, Computational embedding, Dock ligands, Molecular docking, N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor, Quercetin.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.2.31}, author = {Bhushan Arun Baviskar and Sharada Laxman Deore and Bhavana Ashok Shende and Somshekhar Khadabadi and Anjali Ashokrao Kide} } @article {1014, title = {GC-MS Analysis and Thrombolytic Property of Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Terminalia pallida Brandis against Carrageenan Instigated Tail Thrombosis Model in Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {53-60}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {53}, abstract = {

Background: Several plants of Terminalia species are being reported as medicinally useful. Terminalia pallida Brandis is one of the plants of the Combretaceae family, which constitutes several pharmacologically active substances. Present work explored leaf extract{\textquoteright}s thrombolytic property, which could serve as the superior choice for currently using drugs. Objectives: The present study primarily focused on investigating the phyto-constituents such as phenolic and flavonoid compounds in methanolic leaf extract followed by GC-MS analysis and determining the in vitro thrombin inhibition and in vivo thrombolysis activity. Materials and Methods: Swiss albino mice (total = 36) were randomly distributed into six groups (n=6). Thrombosis was instigated by injecting 40 μL of 1\% carrageenan (Type-I) via the subplantar region of the right hind paw of each mouse. The plant extract was screened for its in vitro thrombin inhibitory potency. In animal studies, the size of the blood clots in mouse tails was recorded by administering the plant extracts at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight for every 24, 48 and 72 hr, respectively. Results: A dose of 200 and 300 mg/kg of the extract showed significant thrombolytic activity at 24, 48, and 72 hr (p\< 0.001) in a concentration-dependent manner when correlated with the control group. A reduction in the length of blood clots (p\< 0.01) was observed at 48 and 72 hr. In acute oral toxicity study, administration of leaf extract showed no mortality and no significant behavioral changes up to 2000 mg/kg dose. The GC-MS analysis explored the occurrence of about 16 eluted compounds; among these, few have been reported as medicinally useful, which accounts for the therapeutic importance of the plant. Conclusion: In conclusion, the methanolic extract of T. pallida Brandis leaves at 200, and 300 mg/kg showed significant inhibition of the Thrombosis in carrageenan instigated model of mice and in vitro thrombin activity.

}, keywords = {Carrageenan, Heparin, Quercetin., Terminallia pallida Brandis, Thrombosis}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.1.9}, url = {https://phcogres.com/fulltext/v14i1/105530pres1419.html}, author = {Sarvan Kumar Guguloth and Narender Malothu and Prasanth DSNBK} }