@article {1208, title = {Pharmacognostic Standardization, Heavy Metal Analysis and Antioxidant Potential of Iris kashmiriana Baker Rhizome}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {123-131}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {123}, abstract = {

Background: Iris kashmiriana Baker, often known as Mazarmond, is a plant species classified under the Iridaceae family. This specific botanical specimen has notable therapeutic properties and has been traditionally used for the treatment of many diseases. The rhizomes are considered to be a substantial repository of secondary metabolites and have been extensively investigated for their potential in many activities, including immunomodulation, anticancer capabilities, antibacterial effects, and anthelmintic qualities. Currently, there is a lack of study about the establishment of standardization methods for the plant. Aim: the purpose of this research was to conduct standardization, phytochemical analysis, heavy metal analysis, and assessment of the antioxidant capacity of the rhizomes of Iris kashmiriana Baker, a native plant found in the Kashmir valley. Materials and Methods: The botanical specimens were gathered, subjected to a process of air drying in a shaded environment, and afterwards ground into a fine powder. The techniques used for conducting pharmacognostic investigations and phytochemical screening were in compliance with the guidelines set out by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Indian Pharmacopoeia. Results: Several distinct features were observed after the implementation of organoleptic, microscopic examination, standardization, and phytochemical analysis. The quantities of all heavy metals were found to be under the acceptable range set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, the plant extracts demonstrated significant antioxidant activity. Conclusion: This research serves as a first endeavour in the process of standardizing Iris kashmiriana rhizomes, with the objective of creating a comprehensive profile of their attributes. The results obtained from this inquiry may be used as a valuable point of reference for taxonomic verification and quality control of the perennial plant. Furthermore, the use of standardized rhizomes may be investigated as a potential alternative in the field of medicine for addressing various ailments. This alternative approach presents a higher level of safety and a decreased likelihood of unpleasant responses.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant activity., Iris kashmiriana Baker, Phytochemical analysis, Standardization}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.1.15}, author = {Saeema Farooq and Roohi Mohi-ud-din and Prince Ahad Mir and Reyaz Hassan Mir and Nishant Kumar and Zulfiqar Ali Bhat} } @article {1013, title = {Analysis of Bioactive Compounds from Different Algae Samples Extracted with Ultrasound: Characterizations, Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Potentials}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {35-44}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {35}, abstract = {

Introduction: Algae are a significant bioactive compounds source, with variation in biological functions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral. Both microalgae and macroalgae biomass are a rich source of high value nutraceuticals and other bio products of commercial value, making algae worth investigating into. Objectives: To analyze bioactive phytochemicals and their antioxidants properties of extracts from algae from lake Taihu, Microcystis aeruginosa, Spirogyra and Seaweed extracted with ultrasound assisted method in comparison to the traditional extraction method, and a subsequent use of the residue in producing biochar. Materials and Methods: The different algae species viz Microcystis aeruginosa, Spirogyra and Seaweed were subjected to ultrasonic and thermostatted water bath extraction with a 70\% ethanol and 30\% water (v/v) as solvent. The extracts were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total phenol and flavonoid and antioxidant activities were assessed in vitro viz hydroxyl radical ({\textbullet}OH) scavenging activity, ferric- reducing antioxidant property, total antioxidant capacity and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity. Results: The chemical analysis indicated the existence of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, proteins, carbohydrates, phytosterols, quinones, saponins, coumarins and glycosides. In vitro screening of the extracts also showed good antioxidant capacity (hydroxyl radical ({\textbullet}OH) scavenging activity, ferricreducing antioxidant property, total antioxidant capacity and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity), the extracted compounds are of biological and pharmacological importance. The ultrasound assisted extraction method significantly increased yield with 27.0\% in comparison to conventional method with 18.6\%. Conclusion: The study showed the different algae species were enriched with phytochemicals and that the ultrasound assisted method was an effective extraction method environmentally benignant. A complete utilization of algae biomass was achieved after biochar was made from the residue.

}, keywords = {Algae species, Antioxidant activity., ethanol, Phytochemicals, Ultrasound assisted extraction}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.1.7}, url = {https://phcogres.com/fulltext/v14i1/105530pres1417.html}, author = {Jakpa Wizi and Lixiao Ni and Williams Kweku Darkwah and Li Xianglan} }