@article {962, title = {Inhibitory Effect of Rutin and Curcumin on Experimentally-induced Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {January 2011}, pages = {388-392}, type = {Short Communication}, chapter = {388}, abstract = {

Background: Renal epithelial cell injury by reactive oxygen species is pre-requisite step in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis. Rutin and curcumin are polyphenolic compounds known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, but their effect on urolithiasis is yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we have investigated the inhibitory effect of rutin and curcumin on calcium oxalate urolithiasis in Wistar albino rats. Methods: Calcium oxalate urolithiasis was induced experimentally by administration of 0.75\% v/v ethylene glycol with 1\% w/v ammonium chloride in drinking water for three days followed by only 0.75\% v/v ethylene glycol for 25 days. Rutin (20 mg/kg body weight) and curcumin (60 mg/kg body weight) were given once daily for 28 days by oral route. After treatment period, calcium and oxalate levels in urine and kidney tissue homogenate were measured. Kidney was also used for histopathological examination. Results: Stone-induction with ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride resulted in elevated levels of calcium and oxalate in the urine and kidney sample, whereas supplementation of rutin and curcumin restored it near to normal. Histopathological study revealed minimum tissue damage and less number of calcium oxalate deposits in kidney of animal treated with rutin and curcumin as compared to calculi-induced animal. Conclusion: The data suggest that the rutin and curcumin inhibits calcium oxalate urolithiasis. This effect is mediated possibly through a lowering of urinary concentration of stone forming constituents, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

}, keywords = {Calcium oxalate, Curcumin, Ethylene glycol, Rutin, Urolithiasis}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.75462}, author = {Jaydip Ghodasara and Anil Pawar and Chinmay Deshmukh and Bhanudas Kuchekar} } @article {945, title = {The Effects of N-butanol Fraction and N-butanol Phase Remnant From 50\% Aqueous-Ethanolic Extract of Cyndon Dactylon on Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stones in Rat}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {1}, year = {2009}, month = {January 2010 }, pages = {431-434}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {431}, abstract = {

Renal stones are common and its prevalence has been rising in both sexes. Treatment of patients with kidney stones in primary stages can reduce the side effects and may also prevent the surgical operations and postoperative complications. Several effects including: anti-microbial, anti-diabetic and cardioprotective effects have been reported for Cynodon dactylon. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of N-butanol fractionand N-butanol phase remnant of Cynodon dactylon extracton calcium oxalate kidney stones in male rats.

Twenty four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. All groups were studied during 35 days of experiment according to the protocol of study. Normal control group (1) received tap drinking water. Negative control group (2) received 1\% ethylene glycol in drinking water. Experimental groups (3 and 4) were treated with 1\% ethylene glycol as well as 5mg/kg N-butanol fraction or 5mg/kg N-butanol phase remnant from 50\% aqueous-ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon from first day of the experiment and continued during all protocol time.At the end of experiment, kidneys were removed for histopathologic study and examined for counting calcium oxalate deposits in 10 microscopic fields. Data were expressed as Mean{\textpm} SEM and were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and subsequently by Mann-Whitney; p\<0.05 was considered significant. The results showed that the number of calcium oxalate deposits in 10 microscopic fields in groups 3 (p=0.008) and 4 (p=0.00) vs group 2 were significantly decreased. The results of this study revealed that N-butanol fraction and N-butanol phase remnant from 50\% aqueous-ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon can reduce calcium oxalate stones in the rat kidney by 40 and 55\% respectively. Therefore, Cynodon dactylon has beneficial effects on kidney stone removal and might be used in human treatment.

}, keywords = {Calcium oxalate, Cynodon dactylon, Ethylene glycol, Kidney stones}, doi = {Nil}, author = {Hajzadeh Musa-Al-Reza and Behnam Rassouli Fatemeh and Khajavirad Abolfaz and Mahmoudian Alireza} }