@article {108, title = {Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Elucidation and Antipsoriatic Activity on Developed Herbal Formulations from Carissa congesta, Catharanthus roseus, Annona squamosa, and Polyalthia longifolia Plant Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2020}, pages = {163-168}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {163}, abstract = {

Background: Annonaceae and Apocynaceae families are known for their plethora of pharmacotherapeutic potential. Objectives: To evaluate antipsoriatic potential (ultraviolet [UV]-induced photodermatitis and tail model) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) studies on developed formulations from the plant extracts. Materials and Methods: Formulations of ethanolic extracts of Carissa congesta and Catharanthus roseus and petroleum ether extracts of Annona squamosa and Polyalthia longifolia were evaluated for antipsoriatic activity (UV-induced photodermatitis and tail model) at 250 and 500 mg/ kg. GC-MS studies were done subsequently after 6 months. Formulation batches were tested by different tests, viz., pH, viscosity, spreadability, washability, homogeneity, grittiness, drug content, Sudan red, bleeding, and sensitivity tests. Results: Histopathology studies indicated the absence of Munro{\textquoteright}s microabscess, regular elongation of rete ridges, capillary loop dilatation, granular cell layer, and prominent parakeratosis at 500 mg/kg. Formulations of the plant extracts did not reveal toxic components by GC-MS interpretation. No greasiness was observed during washing. Uniform homogeneity was observed with neither clumps nor large aggregates. The dispersed globules appeared red against colorless water background. Bleeding time was found to be stable during the experimentation. Conclusion: Developed topical plant formulations showed antipsoriatic potential on selected models. The GC-MS studies confirmed the presence of no drastic changes in the quantity of active constituents assuring its stability.

}, keywords = {Annona squamosa, Carissa congesta, Catharanthus roseus, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Polyalthia longifolia, Psoriasis}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_110_19}, author = {Bernadette Donald Matthews and Ankita Sajeev Patil and Gaurav Mahesh Doshi} } @article {518, title = {Elucidation of Flavonoids from Carissa congesta, Polyalthia longifolia, and Benincasa hispida Plant Extracts by Hyphenated Technique of Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectroscopy}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {August 2016}, pages = {281-286}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {281}, abstract = {

Background: Carissa congesta (CC), Polyalthia longifolia (PL), and Benincasa hispida (BH) are economically important plants. Objective: Current research encompasses identification of quercetin and rutin and their analogues by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) from the selected plant species. Materials and Methods: Fresh roots, leaves, and seeds of CC, PL, and BH plants respectively were shade-dried followed by extraction and elucidation of rutin and quercetin by LC-MS. Results: Structural elucidation of CC, PL, and BH extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids such as quercetin (m/z 301) and rutin (m/z 610) as the parent ions along with presence of close analogues such as quercetin-O-hexoside, Vicenin 2, quercetin-3-O-xyloside/arabinoside, and quercetin-3-O-glucoside were identified as fragments. Conclusions: Thus, CC, PL, and BH extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids belonging to the class of flavonols such as rutin and quercetin.

}, keywords = {Benincasa hispida, Carissa congesta, Liquid chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Polyalthia longifolia, Quercetin, Rutin}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.186578}, author = {Gaurav M. Doshi and Vivek V. Nalawade and Aaditi S. Mukadam and Pratip K. Chaskar and Sandeep P. Zine and Rakesh R. Somani and Hemant D. Une} } @article {385, title = {Quantification of Quercetin and Rutin from Benincasa hispida Seeds and Carissa Congesta Roots by High-performance Thin Layer Chromatography and High-performance Liquid Chromatography}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {December 2015}, pages = {37-42}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {37}, abstract = {

Objective: In Indian Ayurvedic system, Benincasa hispida (BH) and Carissa congesta (CC) are well-known plants used for major and minor ailments. BH has been regarded as Kushmanda, whereas CC has been used in immune-related disorders of the human system. Quercetin and rutin identified from the vast plethora of plant extracts have proved to possess ethnopharmacological relevance. Materials and Methods: In present studies, we have determined quercetin and rutin in terms of percentage in BH seeds and CC roots by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After extraction and phytochemical screening, the extracts were subjected to quantification for the presence of quercetin and rutin by HPTLC and HPLC. Results: HPTLC showed quercetin as 44.60, 27.13\% and rutin as 32.00, 36.31\% w/w, whereas HPLC revealed quercetin as 34.00, 35.00\% and rutin as 21.99, 45.03\% w/v in BH and CC extracts, respectively. Conclusion: The BH and CC extracts have elucidated peaks that were corresponding with standard peaks on undertaking chromatographic studies.

}, keywords = {Benincasa hispida, Carissa congesta, High-performance liquid chromatography, high-performance thin layer chromatography, Quercetin, Rutin}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.171098}, author = {Gaurav Mahesh Doshi and Hemant Devidas Une} } @article {471, title = {Structural elucidation of chemical constituents from Benincasa hispida seeds and Carissa congesta roots by gas chromatography: Mass spectroscopy}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {June,2015}, pages = {282-293}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {282}, abstract = {

Background: Benincasa hispida (BH) and Carissa congesta (CC) are regarded as ethnopharmacological imperative plants in Asian countries. Objectives: Phytochemical screening of the extracts has shown the presence of steroids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, phenolic compounds, fixed oils, and fats in the BH and CC extracts. The presence of lupeol has been reported previously by us using high-performance thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Materials and Methods: Present research studies encompasses identification of chemical constituents in BH seeds and CC roots petroleum ether extracts by hyphenated technique such as gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (MS) which when coupled gives a clear insight of constituents. Results: The components were identified by matching mass spectra with MS libraries. There were 13 and 10 different compounds analyzed from CC and BH, respectively. The components present were Pentanoic acid, 5-hydroxy, 2,4-butylphenyl; n-Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid); Sulfurous acid, 2-ethylhexylhepatdecyl ester; n-Tridecane; 6-methyltridecane; (9E, 12E)-9,12-Octadecadienyl chloride, Hexadecanoic acid, 3-(trimethylsilyl)-oxy] propyl ester; 9,12-Octadecadenoic acid, 2 hydroxy-1-(hyroxymethylethyl) ester; 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, 2,3 dihydroxypropyl ester; n-Propyl-9,12-Octadecadienoate, Lupeol; Taraxasterol; 6a, 14a-Methanopicene, perhydro-12,4a, 61a, 9,9,12a-hepatmethyl-10-hydoxy and 9-Octadecene; 2-Isoprpenyl-5-methyl-6-hepten-1-ol; n-Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hyroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ether; Butyl-9,12-Octadecadieonate; Friedoolean-8-en-3-one; friedours-7-en-3-one; 13,27-Cyclosuran-3-one; Stigmaste-7,25-dien-3-ol (3β, 5α); Stigmasta-7,16-dien-3-ol; chrondrillasterol in BH seeds and CC roots extracts respectively. Conclusion: Eluted components from the extracts could provide further researchers to work with various pharmacological activities related models and studies.

}, keywords = {25-dien-3-ol., Apocynaceae, Benincasa hispida, Carissa congesta, Chrondrillasterol, Cururbitaceae, Gas chromatography, Lupeol, Mass spectroscopy, Stigmaste-7}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.157179}, author = {Gaurav M. Doshi and Vivek V. Nalawade1 and Aaditi S. Mukadam and Pratip K. Chaskar and Sandeep P. Zine and Rakesh R. Somani and Hemant D. Une} }