@article {107, title = {Molecular Identification and Next-Generation Sequence Analysis of Interspecies Genetic Variations among Three Varieties of Datura}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2020}, pages = {158-162}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {158}, abstract = {

Background: Datura is a well-known plant used in Ayurveda. It is a widely growing plant from Solanaceae family, attributed to poisonous and medicinal values. It is used in the treatment of various skin diseases, fever, etc., It is also used for external application and rarely for oral administration. Objectives: The present study aims to compare three different varieties of Datura which include the species of Datura innoxia Mill., Datura metel L. and Datura arborea are used to study molecular marker and phylogenetic analysis. Materials and Methods: Whole-genomic DNA was isolated from the leaves of Datura and the polymerase chain reactions amplification of DNA barcoding markers are rbcl, mat k, and internal transcribed spacer-4 and 5 were analyzed by 0.8\% agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: The DNA barcoding markers and next-generation sequencing are able to identify the interspecies genetic variations among these closely related plant varieties of Datura. Conclusion: The interspecies genetic variations among these closely related three species of D. innoxia, metel, and arborea was closely related with Datura stramonium isolate NN003 chloroplast genome similarity of 98\%, 99\%, and 99\%, respectively.

}, keywords = {Ayurveda, Datura, Internal transcribed spacer 4, Mat k, Medicinal plants, Next-generation sequencing, Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase form I gene}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_101_19}, author = {Goli Penchala Prasad and Goli Penchala Pratap and Srinivasan Marimuthu and Shyam Baboo Prasad and Gajendra Rao and Anupam Kumar Mangal and Naryanam Srikanth} } @article {234, title = {Assessment of In vivo Antiviral Potential of Datura metel Linn. Extracts against Rabies Virus}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {February 2018}, pages = {109-112}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {109}, abstract = {

Objective: The soxhlet, cold, and ayurvedic extracts of Datura metel Linn. were evaluated for in vivo antirabies activity. Materials and Methods: Soxhlet and cold extraction method were used to extract Datura (fruit and seed) extracts, and ayurvedic extraction of Datura was prepared. In vivo toxicity assay was performed as per the OECD 420. LD50 dose was calculated by Reed and Muench method. The in vivo antirabies activity was screened in Swiss albino mice with the virus challenge dose of 10 LD50 (intracerebrally) in both preexposure (PE) and postexposure treatment with oral administration of Datura extracts in Swiss albino mice and observed for 21 days. The virus load in the mice brain was evaluated by TCID50 titration method. Results: Datura (ayurvedic preparation) was found to be nontoxic up to 2000 mg/kg in Swiss albino mice, i.e., 60 mg/30 g of mice, when administered (0.5 ml) orally and observed till 21 days. Up to 20\% survival rate on the test group (PE of Datura extracts) up to 14 days postinfection as compared to the virus control group (10 LD50) was observed. No survival rate was observed in the postexposure group of Datura extract; however, the survival time was increased by 4 days as compared to the virus control group. Viral load of the infected mice brain sample was estimated in vero cell line, and 3 log reduction in the virus titer was observed in text group as compared to the virus control, suggesting that Datura extract has an in vivo antirabies activity. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of in vivo antiviral activity of an ayurvedic preparation of D. metel Linn. against rabies virus. Datura extracts have a potential in vivo antirabies activity.

}, keywords = {Antirabies, Datura, In vivo antiviral assay, Rabies}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_121_17}, author = {Soumen Roy and Lalit Samant and Rajeshkumar Ganjhu and Sandeepan Mukherjee and Abhay Chowdhary} } @article {515, title = {Evaluation of In vitro Antiviral Activity of Datura metel Linn. Against Rabies Virus}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {August 2016}, pages = {265-269}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {265}, abstract = {

Objective: The soxhlet and cold extracts of Datura metel Linn. were evaluated for in vitro antirabies activity. Materials and Methods: Soxhlet and cold extraction method were used to extract Datura (fruit and seed) extracts. In vitro cytotoxicity assay was performed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Based on the CC50 range, the in vitro antirabies activity of the extracts was screened by rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test and molecular method. Results: The Datura (fruit and seed) extracts were not cytotoxic below 5 mg/ml (CC50). Titer of 10-4 rabies virus challenge virus standard (RV CVS) (1 50\% tissue culture infective dose [1 TCID50]) was obtained by RFFT method and the challenge dose of 10 TCID50 was used for antirabies assay. Datura fruit and seed (soxhlet and cold) extracts showed 50\% inhibition of RV CVS at 2.5 mg/ml and 1.25 mg/ml (inhibitory concentration 50\% [IC50]), respectively. The tested extracts showed selectivity index (CC50/IC50) ranging from 2 to 4. The viral RNA was extracted and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed which also revealed a 2-fold reduction of viral load at 1.25 mg/ml of the Datura seed (soxhlet methanolic and cold aqueous) extracts. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of in vitro antiviral activity of D. metel Linn. against rabies virus. Datura seed extracts have a potential in vitro antirabies activity and, in future, can be further screened for in vivo activity against rabies virus in murine model.

}, keywords = {Antirabies, Antiviral assay, cytotoxicity, Datura, Rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.188874}, author = {Soumen Roy and Sandeepan Mukherjee and Sandip Pawar and Abhay Chowdhary} }