@article {1232, title = {Phytochemical Identification of Active Components of Some Medicinal Herbs and Oils Relative to its Biological Activities in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {264-269}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {264}, abstract = {

Background: Herbal medicine and its bioproducts are rich in bioactive compounds that promising in drug development. These phytochemical constituents may be secondary metabolites that exert high potency. Materials and Methods: This study investigated the phyto-constituents bioactive compounds from the aerial parts of some Saudi medicinal plants using n-hexane extracts (Trichodesma trichodesmoides, Baccharoides schimperi, Anabasis articulate and Achillea fragrantissima) and a mixture of essentials oils in equal ratio (Arnica montana, Chamomile, Salvia officinalis, Oenothera, Walnut leaves and Flaxseed) using GC-MS. Results: The GC-MS analysis of plants and essentials oils revealed the presence of various compounds like terpenoids and vitamins related to its anti-microbial activity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: It was concluded that, the broad range of terpenoids and vitamins are the main components in the hexane extract. These possess different biological activities. Further studies will be carried out in vivo and in vitro to identify the mechanism of action via signaling pathway.

}, keywords = {Bioactive compounds, Herbs, Oils, Terpenoids, Vitamins.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.2.33}, author = {Turkyah J. Al-Bogami and Elie K. Barbour and Abdulrahman L. Al-Malki and Taha A. Kumosani and Said S. Moselhy} } @article {1326, title = {Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Terpenoids: A Roadmap for Future Medicine}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {698-705}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {698}, abstract = {

The naturally produced plant-derived compounds, known as phytochemicals, are biologically effective and incorporated to reduce the risk of numerous human illnesses. The utilization of phytochemicals for traditional medicine or functional nutrition has likely existed for as long as human history itself. Plants may gather phytochemicals in a variety of sections, including the roots, seeds as well as leaves and fruits. Among all the phytochemicals class, terpenoids are renowned for its proven biological activities and found in enormous capacity in medicinal plants. Several studies report the use of terpenoids in a wide range of diseases and infections. Different classes of terpenoids showed a variety of biological activities in chronic disorders and autoimmune diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, arthritis and cancer. These classes of compounds are also used against cancer and infectious diseases. In the present study we mainly highlight the use of terpenoids in different diseases and its availability in nature as different class. The role of terpenoids in developing new medications and enhancing current treatment methods is significant. However, thorough and detailed research is still warranted to entirely recognize the pharmacological effects of several terpenoids.

}, keywords = {Phytochemicals, Secondary metabolites, Terpenes, Terpenoids}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.4.81}, author = {Sarika Sapan Parekh and Ghanshyam Ratilal Parmar and Divya Kanojiya and Sunil Bhaurao Baile and Rahul Trivedi and Foram Bhatt} } @article {860, title = {C-Glucoside xanthone from the Stem Bark Extract of Bersama engleriana}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {September 2010}, pages = {229-232}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {229}, abstract = {

Background: The genus Bersama belongs to the Melianthaceae family and comprises of four species (B. swinnyi, B. yangambiensis, B. abyssinica, and B. engleriana) all of which are very high trees; the latter two detected species are found in Cameroon. Previous phytochemical investigation on B. yangambiensis, B. swinnyi, and B. abyssinica led to the isolation of triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, and xanthones. Method: The stem bark of B. engleriana were collected in the village, Baham near Bafoussam city, Cameroon in August 2003 and identifi ed by Dr. Onana National Herbaruim, Yaound{\'e}, Cameroon. The air dried and powdered stem bark of B. engleriana (1 kg) was extracted at room temperature with CH2Cl2{\textendash}MeOH (1:1) 5 L for 48 hours. The mixture of the solvent was removed by evaporation to yield 200 g of crude extract. The latter was then dissolved in CH2Cl2 to give the CH2Cl2 soluble fraction of 5 g and a remaining gum of 195 g. Part of the remaining gum (22 g) was dissolved in water and extracted four times with butanol to give 12 g of red oil; which was then separated by paper chromatography, with butanol-acetic acid-water (4:1:5), to give 3 g of orange gum; purification was carried out on HPLC with MeOH (100\%) to yield 2 g of mangiferin (1) as red oil. The CH2Cl2 soluble extract was eluted on silica gel n-hexane-CH2Cl2 gradient ratio and Sephadex LH-20 (n-hexane -CH2Cl2 -MeOH, (7:4:0.5) to afford compounds swinniol (2), Δ4-stigmaster-3β-ol (3), 4-methylstigmaster-5,23-dien-3β-ol(4). Results: Herein, we carried out a phytochemical study of the stem bark of B. engleriana, and we report herein the isolation and structural elucidation of mangiferin, in addition to three triterpenes, previously reported from other species of the genus.[3,5] The assignment of the signals of mangiferin was determined using 1H, 13C-NMR, and 2D-NMR spectral data (HMQC, COSY, HMBC). The terpenoids were identifi ed by comparison of their 1H and 13C-NMR spectra with the literature data. Fractionation of the CH2Cl2{\textendash}MeOH (1:1) extract of the stem bark of B. engleriana Guike gave mangiferin (1), in addition to three previously reported triterpenes, swinniol (2), Δ4-stigmaster-3β-ol (3), and 4-methylstigmaster-5,23-dien-3-β-ol (4). Conclusions: A chemical investigation of the CH2Cl2-MeOH extract of the stem bark of Bersama engleriana afforded a xanthone C-glucoside (mangiferin) and fi rst isolation of three terpenoids from this species: swinniol (2), Δ4-stigmaster-3β-ol (3), and 4-methylstigmaster-5,23- dien-3-β-ol (4). The complete 1H and 13C chemical shift assignments of mangiferin were determined using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data (COSY, HMQC, HMBC, DEPT). The structures of the terpenoids were determined from their 1H and 13C NMR data and compared with the literature data.

}, keywords = {Bersama engleriana, Mangiferin, Melianthaceae, Terpenoids, Xanthone}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.69110}, author = {Pierre C Djemgou and Taha A Hussien and Mohamed-Elamir F. Hegazy and Fran{\c c}ois Ngandeu and Gilles Neguim and Pierre Tane and Abou-El-Hamd H. Mohamed} }