@article {1417, title = {Modulatory Effects of Passiflora edulis on Liver Function, Lipid Profile and Adipokines in Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {571-576}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {571}, abstract = {

Background: This research explores the restorative effects of Passiflora edulis extract counter to liver damage and metabolic disruptions caused by a high-fructose diet in female Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The consumption of fructose resulted in increased levels of hepatic enzymes, signaling liver damage, along with notable changes in the lipid profile, including TG, TC and LDL and HDL all of which are characteristic of metabolic syndrome. Doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of the Passiflora edulis extract were administered to evaluate its therapeutic potential. Results: The results demonstrated that extract meaningfully dropped SGPT and SGOT levels, suggesting liver protection, particularly at the higher doses (500 and 1000 mg/ kg). However, the 250 mg/kg dose did not have a substantial outcome on ALP levels, indicating that a higher dosage is needed for optimal liver protection. Additionally, extract improved lipid profiles by falling TG, TC and LDL levels, while boosting HDL, indicating its potential to correct lipid imbalances associated with metabolic syndrome. At higher doses, extract also improved adipokines levels, increasing adiponectin and decreasing leptin and resistin, which are linked to better insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammation. Histopathological analysis showed that extract mitigated liver damage, with the most significant improvement observed at the 1000 mg/kg dose, where the liver tissue appeared almost normal. Conclusion: These results suggest that extract has beneficial effects on liver function and metabolic disturbances, predominantly at higher doses, positioning it as a hopeful substance for treating metabolic syndrome-related conditions. Subsequent studies are needed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms and assess the long-term effects of extract in metabolic diseases.

}, keywords = {Adipolines, Fructose, Hepatic enzymes, Histopathological Analysis, Lipid profile, Metabolic Syndrome}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252058}, author = {Kinjal P. Patel and Rajesh A. Maheshwari} } @article {1258, title = {Camel Milk Supplemented with Fenugreek Seeds Improve Lipid Profile, Atherogenic Index and Antioxidative Status in Animal Model of Cardiovascular Disorders}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {483-489}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {483}, abstract = {

Background: Despite of advancement in the technology and an improvement in handing of patients with atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) but the mortality associated with them remains to be highest in all over the globe. The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) has now been considered to be a best indicator for the analysis of atherosclerosis and CVDs. This study was undertaken to investigate the potential of Fermented camel Milk (FM) and Fenugreek seed powder (FG) on the animal model of CVDs. Materials and Methods: The animal models of atherosclerosis and CVDs were made by feeding of rats with high fat and cholesterol diets and the effect of FM supplemented with FG either alone or in a combination (FGFM) were tested on the lipid profile and AIP by Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) activity, Total Cholesterol (TC) and small dense Low-Density Lipoprotein (sd-LDL). Results: The data revealed that FM, FG and their combination potentially increased in TAC level (p\<0.05) and decreased in lipid peroxidation via reduction in the serum concentrations of MDA. Whereas, experimental rats on FM were fully restored GPx activity. Moreover, FM and FG and their combination lowered TC and sd-LDL concentrations significantly (p\<0.05). Conclusion: The novel findings of this study clearly indicated that the FG, FM and FGFM have potential in preventing the onset of atherosclerosis and CVDs by reducing the levels of sd-LDL and improving lipids profile, AIP and antioxidant capacity.

}, keywords = {Camel milk, Cardiovascular disorders, Fenugreek, High fat diet, Lipid profile}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.3.58}, author = {Sami A. Althwab and Thekra A. Alharby and Waleed Al Abdulmonem and Khalid H. Musa and Zafar Rasheed and Abdullah S. M. Aljohani and Mona S. Almujaydil and Bashayr Y. Alghonaim and Nasser A. Alharbi and Ala Al Rajabi and Muhammad Ismail Khan and Nelson Fern{\'a}ndez and Essam M. Hamad} } @article {101, title = {Antimicrobial Activity and Histopathological Safety Evidence of Ochradenus baccatus Delile: A Medicinally Important Plant Growing in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2021}, pages = {131-136}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {131}, abstract = {

Background: The growing climatic condition affects plant constituents and biological activities. Ochradenus baccatus (Taily Weed) from Resedaceae family is a perennial shrub that is widely used in folk medicine in the Middle East. Aim: From the viewpoint that O. baccatus is regularly used in folk medicine, this study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and investigate the effect of O. baccatus on the biochemical and histopathological parameters of liver and kidney in experimental animals. Methods: The O. baccatus extracts were obtained by hot continuous extraction method. Agar diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration assays were used for the antimicrobial activity. O. baccatus total extracts at doses of 100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg were given to the first and second groups of rates, respectively, whereas the third and fourth groups received the vehicle olive oil and saline, respectively. The liver and kidney functions, as well as lipid profile and glucose levels, were measured by spectrophotometric technique on obtained blood samples. The liver and kidney tissues were evaluated for histopathological effect. Results: Ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts have similarly and potentially inhibited the bacterial micro-organisms, whereas Candida albicans was inhibited by n-hexane extract. O. baccatus total extract showed no significant effects on the kidney and liver functions (P \> 0.05). However, it significantly reduced triglyceride level (P = 0.04). The histopathological investigation of liver and kidney tissues revealed no significant differences compared to control animals. Conclusion: The medicinally important plant, O. baccatus, growing in Saudi Arabia showed no significant toxic effects on the livers and kidneys. Moreover, it demonstrated a potential antimicrobial activity besides a significant reduction in serum triglycerides in rats. These findings are in consistent with other reported results suggesting no environmental effects on the safety of this plant.

}, keywords = {Antimicrobial activity, Histopathology, Kidney function, Lipid profile, Liver function, Ochradenus baccatus}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_103_19}, author = {Mohsen S. Al-Omar and Hussain M. Eldeeb and Mugahid A. Mobark and Hamdoon A. Mohammed} } @article {103, title = {Alpha Glucosidase Inhibiting Activity and in vivo Antidiabetic Activity of Fraxinus floribunda Bark in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {August 2019}, pages = {273-278}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {273}, abstract = {

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem being the third largest cause of death worldwide. Natural sources of antidiabetic agents are of high demand due to side effects of modern drugs. Bark of Fraxinus floribunda (FF) is conventionally used in Sikkim to treat diabetes, but there is not a single documented report on the same. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity of FF bark. Materials and Methods: FF bark was extracted through four methods, namely normal boiling, pressure boiling (PB), soxhlet, and cold percolation to be subjected to α-glucosidase inhibiting assay. The extract showing the highest in vitro antidiabetic activity was selected for in vivo antidiabetic activity. Results: Extract from PB showed the highest antidiabetic activity (10.25 {\textpm} 4.56 mg/ml FWT); thus, it was selected for antidiabetic property in animal model. The extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly (P \< 0.05) reduced plasma glucose concentration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Glibenclamide (0.50 mg/kg) was used as standard. Decrease in bodyweight during diabetes was significantly controlled by the extract which was comparable with the standard at the same concentration. Changes in lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein) of the diabetic rats were also maintained almost to the level of normal rats by the extracts. Histopathology of liver sections of diabetic rats showed damage in the hepatic architecture (swelling of sinusoids, vacuolization of cytoplasm, and inflammation of the central vein) which was controlled by the extracts. Conclusion: This study agrees with the traditional use of FF bark as an antidiabetic agent.

}, keywords = {Antidiabetic, Fraxinus floribunda, Lipid profile, Liver histopathology, Streptozotocin, α-glucosidase.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_32_19}, author = {Arunika Subba and Ram Kumar Sahu and Shiv Bhardwaj and Palash Mandal} } @article {357, title = {Hepatoprotective, Antihyperlipidemic, and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Moringa oleifera in Diabetic-induced Damage in Male Wistar Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {April 2017}, pages = {182-187}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {182}, abstract = {

Background: The number of individuals with diabetes is increasing daily, and diabetes is presently estimated to affect about 422 million adults worldwide. Conventional drugs used to treat diabetes are not without severe side effects, accessibility, and affordability. This study elucidates the potential effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves extract to manage and treat diabetes induced in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12/group): NC {\textendash} nondiabetic rats (positive control), MO {\textendash} nondiabetic-treated rats, DM {\textendash} diabetic rats (negative control), DM + MO {\textendash} diabetic-treated rats. Hepatic enzymes and biochemical parameters as well as antioxidant capacity and inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed. Levels of low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol were evaluated. Results: Oral administration of methanolic extract of MO (250 mg/kg) to diabetic rats for 42 days showed a significant reduction in hepatic enzyme markers and normalized lipid profile parameters in the serum compared to normal control group. Treatment also increased the level of antioxidant capacity and alleviated inflammatory biomarkers of the liver. Histology sections of the liver tissue showed protective effect of MO in treated rats. Conclusions: MO showed hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering effects against streptozotocin-induced hepatotoxicity. Histological section demonstrated specific alterations in the liver of the diabetic and nondiabetic male Wistar rats while MO treatment revealed improvement in liver alterations.

}, keywords = {Diabetes, Hepatic enzymes, Inflammatory cytokines, Lipid profile, Moringa oleifera, Streptozotocin}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.204651}, author = {Elizabeth I Omodanisi and Yapo G Aboua and Novel N Chegou and Oluwafemi O Oguntibeju} } @article {699, title = {Effect of Coleus Forskohliiextract on Cafeteria Diet-induced Obesity in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {December,2013}, pages = { 42-45}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = { 42}, abstract = {

Background: Obesity is a metabolic disorder that can lead to adverse metabolic effects on blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin resistance and also increases the risk of coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was designed to determine the effect of Coleus forskohlii on obesity and associated metabolic changes in rats fed with cafeteria diet. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate antiobesogenic and metabolic benefits of C. forskohlii in cafeteria diet induced obesity rat model. Materials and Methods: Rats were randomly divided into five groups of six animals in each group and as follows: Normal pellet diet group; cafeteria diet group; cafeteria diet followed by 50 mg/kg/d Coleus forskohlii extract (CFE), 100 mg/kg/d CFE and 45 mg/kg/d orlistat groups, respectively. Indicators of obesity such as food intake, body weight and alteration in serum lipid profiles were studied. Results: Feeding of cafeteria diet induced obesity in rats. Administration of CFE significantly halted increase in food intake and weight gain associated with cafeteria diet. Development of dyslipidemia was also significantly inhibited. Conclusion: The observed effects validate that supplementation of CFE with cafeteria diet could curb the appetite and mitigate the development of dyslipidemia.

}, keywords = {Appetite, Cafeteria diet, cholesterol, Coleus forskohlii, Lipid profile}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.122916}, author = {Hebbani Nagarajappa Shivaprasad and Sushma Gopalakrishna and Bhanumathy Mariyanna and Midhun Thekkoot and Roopa Reddy and Boreddy Shivanandappa Tippeswamy} }