@article {1195, title = {Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Herbal Plants in Managing Blood Sugar Levels: A Comprehensive Evaluation}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {10-18}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {10}, abstract = {

Hyperglycemia, characterized by persistently high blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin release or insulin resistance, is a major global health concern. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports a substantial increase in the number of diabetic patients, from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014, and further to 463 million in 2020. As a result, there has been a growing demand for medicinal plants to address this issue. Traditional medicine has long recognized and utilized various medicinal herbs with hypoglycemic properties. This review focuses on eight specific medicinal plants: Ficus religiosa (Moraceae), Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae), Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae), Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae), Ocimum tenuiflorum (Lamiaceae), Morinda citrifolia (Rubiaceae), Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. (Fabaceae), and Peganum harmala (Zygophyllaceae), which have been found to play a significant role in managing hyperglycemia. The article explores the phytochemical constituents of these plants responsible for their hypoglycemic effects and elucidates their mechanisms of action. By providing a comprehensive review of these medicinal plants, this article offers valuable insights into their potential use for managing hyperglycemia.

}, keywords = {Herbal plants, Hyperglycemia, Insulin resistance, Phytoconstituents, Therapeutic potential.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.1.2}, author = {Archita Katrolia and Ved Pal and Vikesh Kumar Shukla and Rohit Singh} } @article {1105, title = {Formulation and in-vitro Antidiabetic Assessment of Plumbago zeylanica Root Extract Containing Tablet}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {56-63}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {56}, abstract = {

The plant processed herbal formulation have significant role in drug discovery, same time phytoconstituents have high pharmacological potential to treat the various ailments such as diabetes or chronic hyperglycemia. The present research aims to explore and investigate the antidiabetic potential of roots of hyperglycemia Linn. During the study pharmacognosy and formulation of herbal tablet has been done. Fresh roots of plant were collected, two enzymes named as alpha-Amylase and alpha-Glucosidase were obtained from Sigma Aldric. Extraction and fractionation along with phytochemical screening was performed Herbal tablets were made using the direct compression method. The n-butanol fraction of plant extract was mixed with the excipients and compressed into tablets. Different batches of formulations were prepared by dry granulation technique. The maximum in vitro dissolution was found to be with formulation F2 that exhibit the extreme proportion of accumulative release of drug (93.96\%) due to the optimized concentration of PVP and Chitosan and the formulations F2 has potent Antidiabetic Activity and also have antioxidant potential that was performed in this study. Plant extract has been used to formulate herbal tablets. From all five batches of tablets one batch (F2) was found to be best formulation and this was used to investigate the Antidiabetic activity as well as antioxidant activity also. The plants have potential to treat hormonal disorders also hence it can be used to treat the endocrine metabolic disorders.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Chitosan, Endocrine, Hyperglycemia, in vitro, n-butanol., α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase}, doi = {10.5530/097484900211}, author = {Aakash Partap Singh and Sunil Kumar and Manjusha Chudhary and Dinesh Kumar and Beena Kumari and Bhuwanendra Singh and Renu and Manish Kumar} } @article {54, title = {Leaf Extracts of Glyphaea brevis Attenuate High Blood Glucose and Lipids in Diabetic Rats Induced with Streptozotocin}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {May 2021}, pages = {82-88}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {82}, abstract = {

Background:\ Diabetes is a non-communicable disease causing impairment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms. Previous ethnobotanical surveys showed that leaves of\ Glyphaea brevis\ (G. brevis) are used conventionally in the treatment of diabetes with limited scientific evidence.\ Objective:\ We aimed to determine the effects of aqueous (AE) and hydroethanolic extracts (HEE) of\ G. brevis\ leaves in attenuating diabetes-linked hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in an animal model.\ Materials and Methods:\ Thirty streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats were divided into six groups receiving the following daily treatments for 4 weeks orally: control (distilled water), reference (tolbutamide 80 mg/kg) and 4 tests (AE 250 mg/kg, AE 500 mg/kg, HEE 250 mg/kg, and HEE 500 mg/kg). The effects of each treatment on postprandial hyperglycemia were assessed using oral glucose tolerance and oral starch tolerance tests. Blood was collected to assess the effects of treatments on fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile. Liver glycogen and gluconeogenic enzyme activity were also measured.\ Results:\ AE- and HEE-treated rats had 36\%{\textendash}64\% lower fasting blood glucose levels, 34\%{\textendash}73\% lower postprandial glycemia, and 15\%{\textendash}75\% lower HbA1c\ than rats from control group (P\ \< 0.01). AE and HEE treatments also brought about a significant increase in liver glycogen levels and lower gluconeogenic enzyme activity (P\ \< 0.01). Extract-treated groups also had lower plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations (P\ \< 0.01).\ Conclusion:\ These results suggest that treatment with leaf extracts of\ G. brevis\ is effective in attenuating hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Future studies will determine the active compounds accountable for these beneficial effects.

}, keywords = {Diabetes, Glyphaea brevis, Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_99_20}, author = {William Dakam and Christine Fernande Nyangono Biyegue and Simone V{\'e}ronique Fannang and Julius Enyong Oben} } @article {424, title = {Anti-diabetic effects of ethanol extract of Bryonia laciniosa seeds and its saponins rich fraction in neonatally streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {December 2014}, pages = {92-99}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {92}, abstract = {

Context: Bryonia laciniosa Linn. (Cucurbitaceae) seed is used in traditional medicine for a number of ailments including metabolic disorders. Aim: This study evaluated the anti-diabetic action of the ethanol extract of B. laciniosa seeds and saponin fraction of it through its effect on hyperglycemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in neonatally streptozotocin (n-STZ)-induced diabetic rats (n-STZ diabetic rats). Materials and Methods: Ethanol extract (250 and 500 mg/kg; p.o.), saponin fraction (100 and 200 mg/kg; p.o.) and standard drug glibenclamide (3 mg/kg; p.o.) were administered to diabetic rats when the rats were 6 weeks old and continued for 10 consecutive weeks. Effects of ethanol extract and saponin fraction on various biochemical parameters were studied in diabetic rats. Results: The treatment with ethanol extract and saponin fraction for 10 weeks decrease in the levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, serum urea, serum creatinine and diminished activities of aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase. The anti-hyperglycemic nature of B. laciniosa is probably brought about by the extra-\ the pancreatic mechanism as evidenced from unchanged levels of plasma insulin. B. laciniosa modulated effect of diabetes on the liver malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity. Administration of ethanol extract and saponin fraction to diabetic rats showed a significant reversal of disturbed antioxidant status. Significant increase in SOD, CAT, and levels of GSH was observed in treated n-STZ diabetic rats. Conclusion: The present studyreveals the efficacy of B. laciniosa seed extract and its\  \ saponin fraction in the amelioration of n-STZ diabetic rats.

}, keywords = {Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Hyperglycemia, Oxidative stress.}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.147217}, author = {Sandip B. Patel and Devdas Santani and Veena Patel and Mamta Shah} } @article {744, title = {Comparative Study of Antidiabetic activity of Cajanus Cajan and Tamarindus indica in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Mice with a Reference to In vitro Antioxidant Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {March,2014}, pages = {180-187}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {180}, abstract = {

Background: Oxidative stress not only develops complications in diabetic (type 1 and type 2) but also contributes to beta cell destruction in type 2 diabetes in insulin resistance hyperglycemia. Glucose control plays an important role in the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance. Some antidiabetic agents may by themselves have antioxidant properties independently of their role on glucose control. Objective: The present investigation draws a comparison of the protective antioxidant activity, total phenol content and the antihyperglycemic activity of the methanolic extract of Cajanus cajan root (MCC) and Tamarindus indica seeds (MTI). Materials and Methods: Antidiabetic potentials of the plant extracts were evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic Swiss albino mice. The plant extracts at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight was orally administered for glucose tolerance test during 1-hour study and hypoglycemic effect during 5-day study period in comparison with reference drug Metformin HCl (50 mg/kg). In vitro antioxidant potential of MCC and MTI was investigated by using 1, 1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity at 517 nm. Total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity and reducing power activity was also assayed. Results: There was a significant decrease in fasting serum glucose level (P \< 0.001), reduction in blood glucose level (P \< 0.001) in 5-days study, observed in the alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The reduction efficacy of blood glucose level of both the extracts is proportional to their dose but MCC is more potent than MTI. Antioxidant study and quantification of phenolic compound of both the extracts revealed that they have high antioxidant capacity. Conclusion: These studies showed that MCC and MTI have both hypoglycemic and antioxidant potential but MCC is more potent than MTI. The present study suggests that both MCC and MTI could be used in managing oxidative stress.

}, keywords = {1, 1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, Alloxan, Antioxidant activity, Hyperglycemia, Metformin hydrochloride, Oxidative stress}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.129043}, author = {Laizuman Nahar and Fatema Nasrin and Ronok Zahan and Anamul Haque and Ekramul Haque and Ashik Mosaddik} }