@article {1175, title = {In vivo Investigation to Validate the Traditional Usage of Sorbaria tomentosa (Lindley) Reh. Root Extract against Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {671-678}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {671}, abstract = {

Background: DM is a complicated condition that impacts the handling of sugar, fat, and protein metabolism in our bodies. Medicinal herbs play a significant role in diabetes care. As a result, we focused on the plant components traditionally employed by regional medical professionals. Objectives: The current research was carried out to check if Sorbaria tomentosa (Lindley) Reh. (ST) the ethanolic root extracts anti-diabetic potential. ST is a member of the Rosaceae family commonly known by the common name "false spirae." The root extract of ST is used by the locals in the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh to effectively treat diabetes. Materials and Methods: Plant ethanolic extracts were evaluated for their potential on alloxan-induced diabetic rats for 14 days. The animals were put into one of four treatment groups at random: a normal control group, not treated diabetic control group (150 mg/kg bw), a drug control group that got glibenclamide (5 mg/kg bw), and the last treatment group medicated with ST root extract (50 mg/kg BW). Liver, pancreas, and kidney histopathology were analyzed to correlate biochemical findings with histological changes. Results: Our results showed that the extract and medication-treated diabetic groups gained statistically significant weight (p<=0.001) and that their BGL went back to normal. Along with more common biological markers such as SGOT, SGPT, ALP, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL, creatinine level, uric acid, urea, and uric acid were measured. After the extract treated hyperglycaemic rats, all biochemical markers came under the normal range (p<=0.001). Improvement of the damaged structure of the liver, pancreas, and kidneys was observed after treatment with standard medication and root extracts of ST. Conclusion: Based on the data gathered from the tribal research area, to the best of our capacity, we have uncovered for the very first time the anti-diabetic efficacy of the plant parts. The empirical knowledge of previous generations is typically the basis for the traditional utilization of medicinal plants for controlling diabetes. Nevertheless, in vivo, research has assisted to discover the anti-diabetic potential of ST{\textquoteright}s ethanolic root extract and provides scientific proof to back up these claims. The plant component may also be used to create natural antidiabetic drugs that are effective.

}, keywords = {Alloxan, Diabetes mellitus, Kinnaur, Sorbaria tomentosa, Traditional knowledge, Wistar rats}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.4.071}, author = {Monika Mehta and Richa Puri and Dechan Angmo and Pooja Boora and Sushila Rani} } @article {99, title = {Evaluation of Biochemical Changes in Diabetic Rats Treated with Aegle marmelos (L.) Methanolic Leaf Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2020}, pages = {127-130}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {127}, abstract = {

Background: Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa is a widely found plant in India as well as in South Asia. For more than several centuries, it is being widely used for its medicinal properties. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical changes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with methanolic leaf extracts of A. marmelos. Materials and Methods: Six treatment groups, namely control, diseased, standard (glimepiride), low dose (100 mg/kg), medium dose (250 mg/kg), and high dose (500 mg/kg) of methanolic leaf extracts, were used in the study. The biochemical effects were evaluated by the determination of bodyweight, blood glucose, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), total proteins, serum albumin, serum creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase. Results: A significant increase in the bodyweight of the animals was observed in the high-dose treated animals (350.0 {\textpm} 6.15) when compared to the diseased group animals (241.0 {\textpm} 7.23). A significant decrease in the blood glucose, SGOT, and SGPT levels was observed in the high-dose treated animals (142.3 {\textpm} 20.52, 71.6 {\textpm} 4.8, and 24.5 {\textpm} 2.42) when compared to the diseased group animals (292.8 {\textpm} 29.34, 146.3 {\textpm} 11.12, and 74.5 {\textpm} 2.88), respectively. Similarly, total proteins, serum albumin, serum creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase levels of the high-dose treated animals were also significantly decreased (6.1 {\textpm} 0.26, 4.2 {\textpm} 0.22, 0.4 {\textpm} 0.18, and 109.2 {\textpm} 14.58) when compared to the diseased group animals (9.7 {\textpm} 0.27, 5.4 {\textpm} 0.26, 1.0 {\textpm} 0.22, and 257.2 {\textpm} 8.22), respectively. Conclusion: Through the biochemical changes, it is evident that the high dose of methanolic leaf extract of A. marmelos can be used in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.

}, keywords = {Aegle marmelos, Alloxan, Bael, Diabetes, Rutaceae}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_53_19}, author = {Ravi Babu Birudu and Padmavathi Pamulapati and Sathish Kumar Manoharan} } @article {744, title = {Comparative Study of Antidiabetic activity of Cajanus Cajan and Tamarindus indica in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Mice with a Reference to In vitro Antioxidant Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {March,2014}, pages = {180-187}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {180}, abstract = {

Background: Oxidative stress not only develops complications in diabetic (type 1 and type 2) but also contributes to beta cell destruction in type 2 diabetes in insulin resistance hyperglycemia. Glucose control plays an important role in the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance. Some antidiabetic agents may by themselves have antioxidant properties independently of their role on glucose control. Objective: The present investigation draws a comparison of the protective antioxidant activity, total phenol content and the antihyperglycemic activity of the methanolic extract of Cajanus cajan root (MCC) and Tamarindus indica seeds (MTI). Materials and Methods: Antidiabetic potentials of the plant extracts were evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic Swiss albino mice. The plant extracts at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight was orally administered for glucose tolerance test during 1-hour study and hypoglycemic effect during 5-day study period in comparison with reference drug Metformin HCl (50 mg/kg). In vitro antioxidant potential of MCC and MTI was investigated by using 1, 1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity at 517 nm. Total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity and reducing power activity was also assayed. Results: There was a significant decrease in fasting serum glucose level (P \< 0.001), reduction in blood glucose level (P \< 0.001) in 5-days study, observed in the alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The reduction efficacy of blood glucose level of both the extracts is proportional to their dose but MCC is more potent than MTI. Antioxidant study and quantification of phenolic compound of both the extracts revealed that they have high antioxidant capacity. Conclusion: These studies showed that MCC and MTI have both hypoglycemic and antioxidant potential but MCC is more potent than MTI. The present study suggests that both MCC and MTI could be used in managing oxidative stress.

}, keywords = {1, 1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, Alloxan, Antioxidant activity, Hyperglycemia, Metformin hydrochloride, Oxidative stress}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.129043}, author = {Laizuman Nahar and Fatema Nasrin and Ronok Zahan and Anamul Haque and Ekramul Haque and Ashik Mosaddik} } @article {705, title = {Effect of Momordica Dioica Fruit Extract on Antioxidant Status in Liver, Kidney, Pancreas, and Serum of Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {December,2013}, pages = {73-79}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {73}, abstract = {

Background: Fruits, leaves, and tuberous roots of Momordica dioica are used as a folk remedy for diabetes mellitus (DM) in India. The aqueous extract of Momordica dioica fruit possesses very good anti-diabetic activity and is having high margin of safety. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidative effect of Momordica dioica fruits in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Effect of aqueous extract of Momordica dioica (AEMD) on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), hydroperoxide (HP), non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants in liver, kidney, pancreas, and serum was evaluated in diabetic rats after 21 days treatment. Results: Increase in the levels of TBARS, HP and decrease in the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants and activity of enzymatic antioxidants was observed in liver, kidney, pancreas, and serum of diabetic rats when compared with normal healthy rats. TBARS and HP levels were reduced while non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant enzymes activity was increased in AEMD and glibenclamide-treated rats. Furthermore, histological examination of liver, kidney, and pancreas of diabetic rats showed degenerative changes. AEMD treatment for 21 days rejuvenated liver, kidney, and pancreas histoarchitecture. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present results showed the protective role of AEMD on liver, kidney, and pancreas in severe diabetic rats justifying support for its anti-diabetic use in folk medicine.

}, keywords = {Alloxan, momordica dioica, Oxidative stress, Wistar rat}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.122922}, author = {Poonam Sharma and Rambir Singh} } @article {816, title = {Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Cassia occidentalis Linn. for The Management of Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {July 2010}, pages = {132-137}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {132}, abstract = {

Aim: As per traditional claims, root, bark, leaf and flower of the plant Cassia occidentalis Linn. (Caesalpiniaceae) have been reported to possess antidiabetic activity. Based on this traditional indication, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of C. occidentalis in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extract of the whole plant of C. occidentalis was orally tested at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg for evaluating the hypoglycemic effect in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In addition, changes in body weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride and total protein levels, assessed in the ethanol extract treated diabetic rats were compared with diabetic control and normal animals. Histopathologic observations during 21 days of treatment were also evaluated. Results: Ethanolic extract of C. occidentalis produced a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose levels in the normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Treatment with ethanolic extract of C. occidentalis in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats led to a dose-dependent fall in blood sugar levels. Significant differences were observed in serum lipid profiles (cholesterol and triglyceride), serum protein and changes in body weight in ethanolic extract treated diabetic animals, when compared with the diabetic control and normal animals. Concurrent histopathologic studies of the pancreas of these animals showed comparable regeneration by ethanolic extract, which were earlier necrosed by alloxan. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of C. occidentalis exhibited significant antidiabetic activity in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The rats also showed improvement in parameters like body weight and lipid profiles and also, histopathologic studies showed regeneration of β-cells of pancreas and so it might be of value in the treatment of diabetes.

}, keywords = {Alloxan, Antidiabetic activity, Cassia occidentalis, Histopathology}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.65506}, author = {Laxmi Verma and PK Singour and PK Chaurasiya and H Rajak and RS Pawar and UK Patil} } @article {869, title = {Diabetes Induced Oxidative Stress: A Comparative Study on Protective Role of Momordica charantia and Metformin}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {1}, year = {2009}, month = {January 2010 }, pages = {299-306}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {299}, abstract = {

Diabetes mellitus is associated with oxidative stress which plays an important role in development of chronic complications of diabetes. Due to various side effects associated with the drugs used for the management of diabetes, the development of new plant based drugs is the renewed interest of the present time. The new prospective anti-diabetic formulations should possess anti-oxidative potential to resist the oxidative insult of tissues during diabetes and their potential should also be comparable with standard drugs. Momordica charantia is extensively used in India, China and other parts of the world as vegetable. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of Momordica charantia (MC) on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney of alloxan induced diabetic rats. In a 30 days treatment, rats were divided into four groups (I-IV) of five animals in each, experiments were repeated thrice. Administration of MC (13.33 g pulp/kg body weight/day) extract in diabetic rats has remarkably improved the elevated levels of fasting blood glucose. A significant decrease in lipid peroxidation (p\<0.001) and increase in the activities of key antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents in liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats were observed upon MC treatment. The antihyperglycemic and antioxidant properties of MC were comparable with Metformin, a standard hypoglycemic drug.

}, keywords = {Alloxan, Antioxidant status, Diabetic rat, Lipid peroxidation, Momordica charantia and metformin}, doi = {Nil}, author = {Tripathi Uma Nath and Chandra Deepak} }