@article {1408, title = {Evaluation of in vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Trichosanthes palmata against the Denaturation of Protein}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {654-658}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {654}, abstract = {

Background: Trichosanthes palmata Lour. (Cucurbitaceae) is one of the important medicinal plants used traditionally for the treatment of asthma, earache, ophthalmia, leprosy, fever as well as used in the treatment of migraine. To validate folk used of Trichosanthes palmata as anti-inflammatory remedy. The leaves of Trichosanthes palmata were used for successive extraction (Maceration) with increasing polarity solvents. Ethanolic extract was selected for anti-inflammatory activity. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using protein denaturation method at different concentrations. Diclofenac sodium was used as standard drug. Objectives: To evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of leaves of Trichosanthes palmata against the denaturation of protein. Materials and Methods: Inhibition of protein denaturation method was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. Results: The ethanolic extract of Trichosanthes palmata exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by protein denaturation method. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract from Trichosanthes palmata leaves exhibited significantly enhanced anti-inflammatory activity with increasing concentrations. This effect is likely attributed to the presence of active phytocompounds, including flavonoids, triterpenoids and related polyphenols. Consequently, Trichosanthes palmata holds potential as an anti-inflammatory agent.

}, keywords = {anti-inflammatory activity, in vitro, Protein Denaturation, Trichosanthes palmata}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252089}, author = {Arshu Pirmhommad Patel and Sayee Promod Dhavan and Tejasvee Ramchandra Shinde and Manisha Dhondiram Sonawane and Hetali Amrutbhai Patel and Nilima Mahesh Wani} } @article {1375, title = {Preliminary Evaluation of the Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities of Taraxacum officinale Leaf Extract: An in vitro Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {277-282}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {277}, abstract = {

Background: Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) is known for its bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acids, which exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Oral inflammatory lesions, such as oral lichen planus and aphthous stomatitis, are associated with microbial imbalance, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This study evaluates the potential of T. officinale leaf extract as a natural alternative for treating these lesions. Objectives: To assess the antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of T. officinale leaf extract, and to explore its potential as a therapeutic agent for oral inflammatory lesions. Materials and Methods: Ethanol was used to extract bioactive compounds from dried T. officinale leaves. Antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using agar diffusion. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Anti-inflammatory effects were assessed by measuring protein denaturation inhibition. Cytotoxicity was tested using zebrafish embryos, with survival rates and developmental changes monitored. Results: The leaf extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, inhibiting both S. aureus and E. coli, especially at higher concentrations. Antioxidant activity was notable, with near-complete free radical scavenging at higher doses. Anti-inflammatory effects were concentration-dependent, with maximum inhibition of protein denaturation at 100 μg/mL. Cytotoxicity studies revealed dose-dependent toxicity, with reduced survival in zebrafish embryos at 40 μL/mL and higher concentrations. Conclusion: T. officinale leaf extract demonstrates strong antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, suggesting its potential as a treatment for oral inflammatory lesions. However, its dose-dependent toxicity highlights the need for further research to determine safe and effective therapeutic doses.

}, keywords = {anti-inflammatory activity, Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, Dandelion, Natural therapeutics, Oral inflammatory lesions, Taraxacum officinale}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252021}, author = {Namira Fateen and Abilasha Ramasubramanian and Pratibha Ramani} } @article {1257, title = {A Comprehensive Review of Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activity Profile of Achyranthes aspera}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {472-482}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {472}, abstract = {

For centuries, humans have harnessed the healing properties of plants to address diverse health conditions. Ancient systems like Ayurveda and Unani medicine hold a rich repository of knowledge extolling the virtues of herbal remedies. Achyranthes aspera, one prolific native herbaceous plant in the South America, Asia and Africa often prospers as one common weed. Its many applications in traditional medicine for treating various diseases are at the heart of this global research. Achyranthes aspera is diverse many chemical ingredients, including terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, saponins and flavonoids. This paper provides a thorough examination and elucidation of the phytochemical composition across different parts of Achyranthes aspera, delving into its traditional uses and expounding upon its pharmacological properties.

}, keywords = {Achyranthes aspera, Anti- microbial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-oxidant, Antidiabetic activity}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.3.57}, author = {Nem Kumar Jain and Shubham Anand and Priyanka Keshri and Santosh Kumar and Akshay Singh Sengar and Manoj Kumar Bajhaiya and Devendra Dhanorya and Sapna Yadav and Hema Katra and Sajal Mishra} } @article {838, title = {Evaluation of the Efficacy of 2\% Curcumin Gel in the Treatment of Experimental Periodontitis}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {August,2014}, pages = {326-333}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {326}, abstract = {

Context: Local drug delivery (LDD) systems have been proposed for the treatment of periodontitis. Curcumin could be a suitable agent as LDD for the treatment of periodontitis. Aim: To formulate, evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity and to assess the duration of the action and the efficacy of 2\% curcumin gel in the treatment of experimental periodontitis in Wistar albino rat model. Settings and Design: Twenty-one Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to three groups. Periodontitis was induced using ligature model. Group 1: Control; group 2: Plain gel, and group 3: 2\% curcumin gel. Materials and Methods: About 2\% curcumin gel was prepared. The anti-inflammatory activity and duration of action was assessed. Silk ligature 5-0 was used to induce periodontitis. Gingival index (GI) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were measured. Treatment was done. The rats were sacrificed. Morphometric analysis was performed using stereomicroscope and ImageJ software. Statistical Analysis Used: Analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni{\textquoteright}s test, Wilcoxon{\textquoteright}s test for inter-group comparison, Mann-Whitney test for P value computation was used. The observations are mean {\textpm} standard deviation and standard error of the mean. P \< 0.01 when compared to control was considered as statistically significant. Results: About 2\% curcumin gel showed 42.98\% inhibition of edema and peak activity was noted at 24 hr. There was statistically significant change in the GI and PPD. Morphometric analysis did not show any significant difference between groups. No toxic effects were seen on oral administration of 2000 mg/kg of curcumin. Conclusions: About 2\% curcumin gel was effective in the treatment of experimental periodontitis.

}, keywords = {anti-inflammatory activity, Curcumin gel, Experimental periodontitis, Local drug delivery, Morphometric analysis}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.138287}, author = {Rajesh Ramesh Hosadurga and SN Rao and Jobin Jose and Narayana Charyulu Rompicharla and Moidin Shakil and R Shashidhara} } @article {951, title = {Anti-inflammatory Activity of Aqueous extract of Mirabilis jalapa Linn. Leaves}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {January 2011}, pages = {364-367}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {364}, abstract = {

Background: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Mirabilis jalapa Linn. (MJL) (Nyctaginaceae) leaves for scientific validation of the folklore claim of the plant. The leaves are used as traditional folk medicine in the south of Brazil to treat inflammatory and painful diseases. Cosmetic or dermo-pharmaceutical compositions containing MJL are claimed to be useful against inflammation and dry skin. Methods: Aqueous extract of the leaves was prepared by cold maceration. Results: The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan and formalin-induced paw edema models in Wistar albino rats. The anti-inflammatory activity was found to be dose dependent in carrageenan-induced paw edema model. The aqueous extract has shown significant (P \< 0.05) inhibition of paw oedema, 37.5\% and 54.0\% on 4 th hour at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Similar pattern of paw edema inhibition was seen in formalin-induced paw edema model. The maximum percentage inhibition in paw edema was 32.9\% and 43.0\% on 4 th day at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusion: The results of present study demonstrate that aqueous extract of the leaves possess significant (P \< 0.05) anti-inflammatory potential.

}, keywords = {anti-inflammatory activity, Aqueous extract, Mirabilis jalapa, Paw edema}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.75456}, author = {Manjit Singh and Vijender Kumar and Ishpinder Singh and Vinod Gauttam and Ajudhia Nath Kalia} } @article {848, title = {Determination of Teloschistes flavicans (sw) Norm Anti-inflammatory Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = { September 2010}, pages = {205-210}, type = {Editorial}, chapter = {205}, abstract = {

Background: Lichens produce a variety of substances that possesses pharmacological actions. However, rare products are submitted to rigorous scientific tests or have the risk potential or side effects evaluated. The lack of medical and sanitary control, absence of accurate botanical identification or purity certification, founded in diverse natural products, may represent great danger to population health. This work aimed to evaluate toxic effects and anti-inflammatory action in vivo of Teloschistes flavicans (Sw.) Norm. (TFN) unrefined extracts, as well as determinate its main constituents. Methods: The carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet implant induced granuloma methods were utilized, besides a classic acute toxicity test. TFN acetone extract inhibited carrageenan paw edema on 60, 120, and 180 min (inhibition percentiles of 45.03\%, 60.59\% and 41.72\%). Results: TFN ethereal (inhibition percentiles of 23.95\% and 29.01\%) and chloroform (inhibition percentiles of 28.8\% and 22.04\%) extracts inhibited edema on 120 and 180 min. None of the extract inhibited the granuloma development. None of the extract caused death or other acute toxicity signs. Vicanicine (60.26\% in ethereal extract and 51.17\% in acetone extract), parietine (9.60\% in ethereal extract and 15.38\% on second), falacinol (0.78\% in ether and 14.95\% in acetone) and very low concentration of falacinal (0.15\% in ethereal extract and 3.32\% in acetone extract) were detected in the medicine. Conclusions: The tested extracts have antiedematogenic activity, but are not effective on subchronic inflammation. The extracts do not present toxic effects in administered doses.

}, keywords = {anti-inflammatory activity, Lichen substances, Teloschistes flavicans}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.69102}, author = {Eug{\^e}nia C Pereira and Nic{\'a}cio H da Silva and Renata Almeida Santos and Ana Patr{\'\i}cia Paiva Sud{\'a}rio and Antonio Alfredo Rodrigues e Silva and Maria Bernadete de Sousa Maia} } @article {747, title = {Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ixora coccinea Methanolic Leaf Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {1}, year = {2009}, month = {January 2010 }, pages = {80-90}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {80}, abstract = {

The anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic leaf extract (MLE) of Lxora coccinea Linn. (Rubiaceae) was investigated in this study. MLE showed dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model (r = 0.7; P\<0.01). MLE at a dose of 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg showed maximum inhibition of edema 36.7, 46.5, and 64.5\% respectively (P\<0.01). Oral administration of MLE of rats at a dose of 1500 mg/kg significantly inhibited peritoneal phagocytic cell infiltration (45.9\%; P\<0.05), impaired nitric oxide (NO) production in peritoneal cells (40.8\%; P\<0.01) and showed antihistamine activity (54.9\%; P\<0.01). In vitro treatment of rat peritoneal cells with MLE inhibited NO production dosedependently (82.2\% at 400 μg/ml, r = 0.99; P\<0.05). MLE also possessed significant, dose-dependent in vitro anti-oxidant activity (r = 0.88; P\<0.01; IC50 value = 8.0 μg/ml), membrane stabilizing activity (r = 0.81; P\<0.01; IC50 value = 6.4 ng/ml) and lipid peroxidation activity (36.7\% at 250 μg/ml; P\<0.01). Thirty-day oral treatment of rats with 1500 mg/kg did not show any adverse signs of toxicity or behavioral changes. These results suggest that anti-inflammatory activity of\ L. coccinea is mediated via inhibition NO production, phagocytic cell infiltration, anti-histamine effect, scavenging of free radicals, membrane stabilizing activity and lipid peroxidation.

}, keywords = {anti-inflammatory activity, Cell infiltration, Lxora coccinea, Membrane stabilization, Nitric oxide, nti-oxidant}, doi = {Nil}, author = {S. M. Handunnetti and R. R. Kumara and S. A. Deraniyagala and W. D. Ratnasooriya} }