@article {95, title = {Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Anticholine Esterase Activities of Essential Oil of Xylopia aethiopica Seeds}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2020}, pages = {112-118}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {112}, abstract = {

Background: Xylopia aethiopica is well known to treat neurodegenerative diseases in traditional medicine and there is no scientific evidence for this claim. Objective: The current research aimed at investigating chemical characterization, antioxidant, and anticholine esterase activity of the essential oil from X. aethiopica. Materials and Methods: Essential oil extraction was carried out by the use of the steam distillation method in a modified Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical composition of the essential oil from seeds of X. aethiopica (African pepper) was determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and its potentials as antioxidant and anticholine esterase were evaluated for the first time. Results: The oil yield was 5.2\% (v/w) in X. aethiopica. The GC-MS analysis identified a total of 52 compounds corresponding to 100\% of the total oil in X. aethiopica. The major constituents of X. aethiopica essential oil are terpinen-4-ol (11.88\%), α-terpineol (5.93\%), cyclohexane methanol (4.79\%), and β-copaene (4.74\%). The most abundant classes of compounds from the essential oil were oxygenated monoterpenes (MT) which amounted to (37.6\%), followed by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (29.61\%), sesquiterpenes (14.67\%), oxygenated diterpenes (9.05\%), nonterpenoid aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (4.81\%), diterpenes (3.8\%), and MT (0.47\%) of all the identified constituents. A significant antioxidant (IC50 value of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl = 2.19 {\textpm} 0.09 mg/mL) and anticholine esterase activity (IC50 = 1.21 {\textpm} 0.06 mg/mL) was obtained for the essential oil of X. aethiopica. Conclusion: The study established the chemical composition, antioxidant, and anticholine esterase activities of the essential oil of the plant seeds.

}, keywords = {Anticholineesterase, Antioxidant, Monoterpenes, Sesquiterpenes, Xylopia aethiopica}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_47_19}, author = {Lateef Adegboyega Sulaimon and Rahmat Adetutu Adisa and Efereo Martins Obuotor and Modinat Olasunkanmi Lawal and Abdullahi I Moshood and Nura H Muhammad} } @article {447, title = {Inhibitory Effects of Pterodon emarginatus Bean Oil and Extract on Staphylococcus aureus}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {November 2017}, pages = {348-353}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {34}, abstract = {

Background: Pterodon emarginatus is a tree of the Brazilian Savannah. The beans of this tree are used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory preparations, especially for infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. These bacteria can cause simple infections or serious illnesses such as pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome, septicemia, and others. Objective: This study had the goal of verifying the effect of the essential oil (OE) from P. emarginatus on the inhibition of S. aureus in culture medium, i.e., {\textquotedblleft}in vitro{\textquotedblright} tests. Materials and Methods: The vegetable material was cut and crushed with a press. The OE was obtained by extraction using hexane, alcohol, and water. The P. emarginatus extracts obtained were used to evaluate the antimicrobial effect on S. aureus (ATCC 25923) by tests of well diffusion, disc diffusion, and microdilution. The strain used in the assays was maintained in brain heart infusion broth and nutrient agar until testing. Afterward, the bacteria were spread on agar plates with Mueller-Hinton agar medium. In the wells and on the paper discs, the OE suspensions were placed in the following volumes: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, and 80 {\textmu}L and subsequently they were incubated at 35{\textdegree}C {\textpm} 2{\textdegree}C. After 24 h, the number of colony-forming unit was determined. Results: Pure OE and hydroalcoholic extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus, while aqueous extract had no effect on bacterial growth in all microbial methods used. Conclusion: Thus, the present study showed the potential of sucupira-based extracts against S. aureus growth, opening new perspectives for the evaluation of these bioactive compounds as phytopharmaceutical products.

}, keywords = {Antimicrobial test, Diterpenes, medical pathogens, Phytopharmaceutical extract, Sesquiterpenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Sucupira-branca}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_13_17}, author = {VS Mendes and JB Sant{\textquoteright}Anna and S. C. C. Oliveira and Iriani Rodrigues Maldonade and Eleuza Rodrigues Machado} }