@article {1313, title = {Development and Evaluation of Herbal-Enriched Nutraceutical Gummies for Pediatric Health}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {872-878}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {872}, abstract = {

Background: Nutraceuticals, which combine the nutritional benefits of food with the therapeutic effects of pharmaceuticals, offer a promising approach to enhancing children{\textquoteright}s health and well-being. Among these, herbal-enriched nutraceuticals stand out due to their potential to deliver a range of health benefits derived from natural plant sources. Aim: This study aimed to develop gummies with Elettaria cardamomum, Amomum subulatum Roxb, Zingiber officinale, Beta vulgaris L. using different concentrations of gelling agents, plasticizers and pH modifiers. Materials and Methods: Gelatin was tested at concentrations of 8\% and 10\%. The objective was to assess concentration of gelling agents that affect the physical properties of the gummies, such as visual appearance, dispersion time, and texture profile (hardness, chewiness, and gumminess). The gummies were heated and allowed to set before being evaluated using a randomized method. The type and concentration of the gelling agents, as well as their interaction, had significant effects on dispersion time, appearance, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. Conclusion: Gummies made with 8\% gelatine were found to be the best formulations, meeting all physical property requirements, showing no syneresis, and having the most pleasant texture.

}, keywords = {Amomum subulatum Roxb, Beta vulgaris L., Disintegration study, Elettaria cardamomum, Herbal gummies, Ph, Swelling ratio, Syneresis study, Zingiber officinale}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.4.99}, author = {Kanchana Yadav and Nitin Motiram Gawai and Brijesh Shivhare and Laxman Sureshbabu Vijapur and Gaurav Tiwari} } @article {822, title = {A Comparative Study of the Effect of Come Nutritional Medicinal Plants Effect on Lead Accumulation in the Liver Following Different Modes of Administration}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {August,2014}, pages = {306-311}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {306}, abstract = {

Context and Objectives: Lead (Pb) toxicity leads to cell damage in many organs of the body. Using different treatment interventions and modes of administration we comparatively examined the protective ability of some medicinal plants on liver Pb accumulation. Materials and Methods: Rats were fed on either 7\% w/w Zingiber officinale, 7\% w/w Allium sativum, 10\% w/w Lycopersicon esculentum, 5\%, w/w Garcinia kola (all in rat chow), while Pb (100 ppm) was given in drinking water. The additives were administered together with (mode 1), a week after exposure to (mode 2) or a week before metal exposure to (mode 3) the metal for a period of 6 weeks. The metal accumulations in the liver were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry and compared using analysis of variance. Results: Some additives significantly (P \< 0.05) reduced, while others enhanced Pb accumulation. Mode 2 yielded the highest mean \% protection and mode 3 the lowest, no significant interaction between modes of administration and time of measurement in their relationships to percentage protection, but there was statistically significant (P \< 0.05) interaction between modes of administration and additive used in their relationships to percentage protection. Conclusion: Protective effects of medicinal plants are varied and depend on the nature of lead exposure.

}, keywords = {Accumulation pattern, Allium sativum, Garcinia kola, Lead, Liver, Lycopersicon esculentum, Mode of administration, Zingiber officinale}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.138278}, author = {Chukwuemeka Nwokocha and Novie Younger-Coleman and Magdalene Nwokocha and Daniel Owu and Moses Iwuala} } @article {781, title = {Investigation of Effects of Time of Measurement and Modes of Administration on Cadmium Accumulation in Rat Liver Under Some Medicinal Plants Food Supplemented Diet}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {May,2014}, pages = {240-245}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {240-245}, abstract = {

Context and Objectives: Cadmium (Cd) toxicity leads to cell and organ damage, we comparatively examined the protection ability of different medicinal plants on Cd liver accumulation following different treatment interventions and modes of administration. Materials and Methods: Rats were fed either 7\% w/w Zingiber officinale, 7\% w/w Allium Sativum, 10\% w/w Lycopersicon esculentum, 5\%, w/w Garcinia kola (all in rat chow), while Cd (200 ppm) was given in drinking water. Additives were administered together with (mode 1), a week after (mode 2) or a week before metal exposure (mode 3) for a period of six weeks. Cd liver was determined using AAS and compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: All additives significantly (P \<0.5) reduced the accumulation of Cd in the liver. After adjusting for time and mode of administration, mean \%protection for week 4 was significantly lower by 14.1\% (P=0.02) from that for week 2 but the means did not differ with respect to additive used or mode of administration, no statistically significant interaction between modes of administration and either of additives used or time of administration in their respective relationships to percentage protection from Cd. Conclusion: Additives significantly reduced Cd accumulation through a reduction in absorption and enhancement of metal excretion.

}, keywords = {Accumulation pattern, Allium sativum, Cadmium, Garcinia kola, Liver, Lycopersicon esculentum, Mode of administration, Zingiber officinale}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.132604}, author = {Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha and Novie Younger-Coleman and Magdalene Nwokocha and Daniel U. Owu and Moses Iwuala} } @article {639, title = {Comparative Study on the Hepatoprotection to Heavy Metals of Zingiber Officinale}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {4}, year = {2012}, month = {October ,2012}, pages = {208-213}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {208}, abstract = {

Context:Zingiber officinale\ (Zingiberaceae) is a herb used for culinary and therapeutic purposes due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials.\ Objectives:\ We examined its protective ability against mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the liver.\ Materials \& Methods:\ Ground\ Zingiber officinale\ (7\%, w/w of feed) was administered to rats either at the same time with the exposure ofheavy metals (group 2), a week after exposure to heavy metals (group 3) or given a week before heavy metal exposure (group 4) for six weeks. Animals were exposed to either of Hg (10 ppm), Cd (200 ppm) and Pb (100 ppm) in drinking water. The heavy metal accumulations in the liver were determined using AAS.\ Results:\ Weight losses induced by these metals were not reversed by\ Zingiber officinale\ administration. There was a significant (P\<0.01) increase in protection to Pb (97\%) and Cd (63\%) accumulation when compared to Hg (32\%) at week 2. The protective ability was significantly (P\<0.01) decreased at week 4 when compared to week 2 for Cd and Pb but not to Hg in groups 3 (50\%) and 4 (52\%). At week 6, hepatoprotection to Hg (44\%) and Cd (85\%) was significantly (P\<0.01) different but not to Pb which was only significant (P\<0.05) in week 2 of treatment for all groups.\ Discussion and Conclusion:Zingiber officinale\ affected the bioavailability, elimination and uptake of these metals in a time-dependent way with highest beneficial reducing effect to Cd followed by Hg and least protection to Pb in the liver.

}, keywords = {Accumulation, Cadmium, Lead, Liver, mercury, protection, Zingiber officinale}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.102263}, author = {Chukwuemeka R Nwokocha and Daniel U Owu and Magdalene I Nwokocha and Chibueze S Ufearo and Moses O. E. Iwuala} } @article {679, title = {Dichlorvos and Lindane Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain: Protective Effects of Ginger}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {4}, year = {2012}, month = {december,2011}, pages = {27-32}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {27}, abstract = {

Background: Dichlorvos and lindane pesticide causes toxicity in animals including humans. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is widely used as a culinary medicine in the Ayurvedic system of medicine, possessing a number of pharmacological properties. Objective: This study was designed to assess ameliorating effects of ginger juice in dichlorvos and lindane induced neurotoxicity in wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Dichlorvos (8.8 mg/kg bw) and lindane (8.8 mg/kg bw) were orally administered alone as well as in combination to adult male and female wistar rats for 14 days followed by the post-treatment of ginger juice (100 mg/kg bw) for 14 days. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), quinine reductase (QR), and protein level were measured to evaluate the toxicity of these pesticides in brain. Results: Dichlorvos and lindane administration alone and in combination increased LPO and decreased the GSH level, SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GR, QR activity, and protein. Oxidative stress due to abnormal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is believed to be involved in the toxicities induced by these pesticides. Post-treatment of ginger juice decreased LPO and increased the level of GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GR, QR activity and protein in the brain of rats. Conclusions: The results indicated that dichlorovos and lindane induced tissue damage was ameliorated by ginger juice.

}, keywords = {Dichlorvos, Lindane, Oxidative stress, Reactive oxygen species, Zingiber officinale}, doi = { 10.4103/0974-8490.91031}, author = {Poonam Sharma and Rambir Singh} }