@article {93, title = {Development and Validation of Veratric Acid in Tabebuia avellanedae using Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry-Multiple Reaction Monitoring-Based Assay Coupled with 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl Method}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2020}, pages = {107-111}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {107}, abstract = {

Objective: The aim of the present study is to develop a new simple, precise, and accurate liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of veratric acid in Tabebuia avellanedae Linn. Materials and Methods: The quantification of veratric acid was done using collision-induced dissociation multiple reaction monitoring scan of mass spectrometry technique. The developed method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The free radical scavenging activity was performed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Results: The ion transitions of the precursor to the productions were principally protonated ion [M + H]+ at m/z 182.8 \>139.20, 124.20, and 77.0 for veratric acid. The proposed method was validated for linearity with an excellent correlation coefficient of 0.9978. The intraday and intermediate precisions and repeatability showed the percentage relative standard deviation was \<2\%. The accuracy for the determination of veratric acid was within 82.20\%{\textendash}97.65\%. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.66 and 2.21 ppm, respectively. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration value for the DPPH radical scavenging activity of ascorbic acid and quality control sample (hydroalcoholic extract of T. avellanedae) was found to be 17.79 and 36.44 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: The developed LC-MS/MS method is a simple, rapid, precise, accurate, and it is recommended for efficient assays in routine work. T. avellanedae exhibited strong DPPH radical scavenging activity.

}, keywords = {1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, Method validation, Multiple reaction monitoring, Tabebuia avellanedae, Veratric acid}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_77_19}, author = {Puttaswamy Naveen and Harakanahalli Basavegowda Lingaraju and Siddappa Chandrappa and Srikant Anitha and Kodimule Shyam Prasad} } @article {494, title = {Evaluation of Skin Anti-aging Potential of Citrus reticulata Blanco Peel}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {May 2016}, pages = {160-168}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {160}, abstract = {

Background: The peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco is traditionally used as tonic, stomachic, astringent, and carminative. It is also useful in skin care. Objective: To study the anti-aging potential of alcoholic extracts of C. reticulata Blanco peel using in vitro antioxidant and anti-enzyme assays. Materials and Methods: Plant extracts were obtained by Soxhlation (CR HAE- Hot Alcoholic Extract of Citrus reticulata) and maceration method (CR CAE- Cold Alcoholic Extract of Citrus reticulata). Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis was performed. Further, in vitro antioxidant, anti-enzyme, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were performed. Results: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of CR HAE were found to be higher than CR CAE. EC50 value of CR HAE and CR CAE for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, Superoxide anion, and 2, 2{\textquoteright}-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays were 250.33 {\textpm} 40.16 μg/ml and 254.73 {\textpm} 15.78 μg/ml, 221.27 {\textpm} 11.25 μg/ml and 354.20 {\textpm} 23.79 μg/ml, and 59.16 {\textpm} 2.17 μg/ml and 59.12 {\textpm} 6.21 μg/ml, respectively. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity values for CR HAE and CR CAE were found to be 1243 and 1063 μmoles 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetra methylchromane-2-carboxylic acid equivalent/g of substance, respectively. Anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activities were evaluated for both CR HAE and CR CAE. EC50 values of CR HAE and CR CAE for anti-collagenase and anti-elastase were 329.33 {\textpm} 6.38 μg/ml, 466.93 {\textpm} 8.04 μg/ml and 3.22 {\textpm} 0.24 mg/ml, 5.09 {\textpm} 0.30 mg/ml, respectively. CR HAE exhibited stronger anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activity than CR CAE. GC-MS analysis of CR HAE was carried out because CR HAE exhibited higher antioxidant and anti-enzyme potential than CR CAE. Conclusion: C. reticulata peel can be utilized in anti-wrinkle skin care formulations.

}, keywords = {1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2, 2{\textquoteright}-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), anti-wrinkle, elastase, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, oxygen radical absorbance capacity}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.182913}, author = {Vinita D. Apraj and Nancy S. Pandita} } @article {427, title = {In vitro Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Four Alkanna Species Growing in Iran}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {December 2014}, pages = {100-104}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {100}, abstract = {

Background: Medicinal plants are recognized as sources of natural antioxidants that can protect biological system from oxidative stress. Objective: In this study, the antioxidant activities of four species of the Alkanna genus (Alkanna bracteosa, Alkanna frigida, Alkanna orientalis and Alkanna tricophila) were evaluated. Materials and Methods: The dried roots of plant samples (100 g) were extracted separately by percolation method with MeOH/H2O (80/20) and four fractions were provided respectively with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Antioxidant activities were investigated by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid methods and compared with quercetin (as positive control). Results: The results indicated that the butanol fractions of four species had the highest antioxidant activity and radical scavenging activity compared with the other fractions studied (P \< 0.05). The 50\% effective concentration (half -\ effective doses) values of butanol fractions are less than quercetin and other fractions, so, these fractions showed potent antioxidant activity. This indicated that the active compounds in the root parts of Alkanna species dissolved in the butanol. All the fractions of four species of Alkanna had antioxidant activity, while, there were no significant differences (P \> 0.05) between the total antioxidant activities of same fractions. The total antioxidant activity values of Alkanna fractions in a descending order are as follows: Butanol fraction \> ethyl acetate fraction \> total extract \> hexane fraction \> chloroform fraction \> aqueous fraction. Conclusion: The antioxidant activities of butanol fractions of samples were higher than quercetin. This may be because most of the active compounds of Alkanna species dissolved in the butanol.

}, keywords = {1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, Alkanna, Antioxidant activity, Ferric thiocyanate, Thiobarbituric acid.}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.147218}, author = {Iraj Salimikia and Ali Reza Yazdinezhad and Fereshteh Golfakhrabadi and Hamid Reza Monsef Esfahani} }