@article {696, title = {Protection of CCl 4 -Induced Liver and Kidney Damage by Phenolic Compounds in Leaf Extracts of Cnestis ferruginea (de Candolle)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {December,2013}, pages = {19-28}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {19}, abstract = {

Background: The chemoprevention of chemically-induced hepatotoxicity is a crucial means of minimizing susceptibility to hepatic carcinogenesis and plants remain a rich source of anti-hepatotoxicants with antioxidant properties. Objective: The protective role of defatted-methanol (MECF) and ethyl acetate fractions (EF), obtained from Leaves of Cnestis ferruginea in rats induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) toxicity was investigated. Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were orally administered MECF or EF (125 - 500 mg/kg bwt/5mL) or silymarin (25 mg/kg bwt/5 mL) separately for three days before intervention with an intraperitoneal dose of CCl 4. Biomarkers of liver and kidney toxicity as well as Ca 2+ regulation were evaluated. Results: Pre-treatment with MECF and EF significantly (P \< 0.05) decreased the activities of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, levels of urea, creatinine and cholesterol. A significantly (P \< 0.05) enhanced Ca 2+ -ATPase activity and lowered levels of membrane cholesterol: Phospholipid ratio were observed in liver microsomes of pre-treated as compared to CCl 4 -only treated rats. Rat liver superoxide dismutase activity was enhanced by 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of EF and MECF, while decreases were observed at 500 mg/kg. MECF and EF, like silymarin, attenuated CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity, microsomal membrane Ca 2+ -ATPase inactivation and renal dysfunction. Phytochemistry of MECF revealed the presence of anthraquinones, cardiac and flavone glycosides, tannins and trihydroxyl phenol. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the mechanism of hepatoprotection elicited by MECF and EF, involve its antioxidative properties and regulation of Ca 2+ homeostasis.

}, keywords = {Ca 2+ -ATPase activity, CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity, Cnestis ferruginea, Hepatoprotection, Renal protection}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.122913}, author = {Adisa A Rahmat and Farooq Ahsana Dar and Iqbal M Choudhary} } @article {649, title = {Hepatoprotective Effect of Commercial Herbal Extracts on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Damage in Wistar Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {May 2013}, pages = { 150-156}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {150}, abstract = {

Background\ : Various hepatoprotective herbal products from plants are available in Mexico, where up to 85\% of patients with liver disease use some form of complementary and alternative medicine. However, only few studies have reported on the biological evaluation of these products.\ Objective\ : Using a model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4\ )-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, we evaluated the effects of commercial herbal extracts used most commonly in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico.\ Materials andMethods\ : The commercial products were identified through surveys in public areas. The effect of these products given with or without CCl4\ in rats was evaluated by measuring the serum concentrations of aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT), and histopathological analysis. Legalon{\textregistered}\ was used as the standard drug.\ Results\ : The most commonly used herbal products were Hepatisan{\textregistered}\ capsules, Boldo capsules, Hepavida{\textregistered}\ capsules, Boldo infusion, and milk thistle herbal supplement (80\% silymarin). None of the products tested was hepatotoxic according to transaminase and histological analyses. AST and ALT activities were significantly lower in the Hepavida+CCl4\ -treated group as compared with the CCl4\ -only group. AST and ALT activities in the silymarin, Hepatisan, and Boldo tea groups were similar to those in the CCl4\ group. The CCl4\ group displayed submassive confluent necrosis and mixed inflammatory infiltration. Both the Hepatisan+CCl4\ and Boldo tea+CCl4\ groups exhibited ballooning degeneration, inflammatory infiltration, and lytic necrosis. The silymarin+CCl4\ group exhibited microvesicular steatosis. The Hepavida+CCl4\ - and Legalon+CCL4\ -treated groups had lower percentages of necrotic cells as compared with the CCl4\ -treated group; this treatment was hepatoprotective against necrosis.\ Conclusion\ : Only Hepavida had a hepatoprotective effect.

}, keywords = {Alanine Transferase, Aspartate Transferase, Hepatoprotection, Liver Injury, Natural Products}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.112417 }, author = {Paula Cordero-P{\'e}rez and Liliana Torres-Gonz{\'a}lez and Marcelino Aguirre-Garza and Carlos Camara-Lemarroy and Francisco Guzm{\'a}n-de la Garza and Gabriela Alarc{\'o}n-Galv{\'a}n and Homero Zapata-Chavira and Ma de Jes{\'u}s Sotelo-Gallegos and Cipactli Nadjedja Torres-Esquivel and Ethel S{\'a}nchez-Fresno and Daniel Cant{\'u}-Sep{\'u}lveda and Gerardo Gonz{\'a}lez-Saldivar and Judith Bernal-Ramirez and Linda E u{\~n}oz-Espinosa} } @article {661, title = {Phenolic Compounds from Foeniculum vulgare (Subsp. Piperitum) (Apiaceae) Herb and Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Antioxidant Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {4}, year = {2012}, month = {april,2012}, pages = {104-108}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {104}, abstract = {

Objective: The study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the 80\% methanolic extract as well as the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and butanol (BuOH) fractions of the wild fennel (Foeniculum vulgare (Subsp; Piperitum)) and cultivated fennel (F. vulgare var. azoricum). In addition, quantification of the total phenolic content in the 80\% methanol extract of fennel wild and cultivated herbs is measured. Materials and Methods: An amount of 400 g of air dried powdered herb of wild and cultivated fennel were sonicated with aqueous methanol (80\%), successively extracted with Hexane, EtOAc, and n-BuOH. The EtOAc and n-BuOH were subjected to repeated column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. The antioxidant effect was determined in vitro using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH· ). Hepatoprotective activity was carried out using a Wistar male rat (250-300 g). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined as chlorogenic acid and rutin equivalents, respectively. Results: Two phenolic compounds, i.e., 3,4-dihydroxy-phenethylalchohol-6-O-caffeoyl-β-d-glucopyranoside and 3?,8?-binaringenin were isolated from the fennel wild herb, their structures were elucidated by spectral methods including 1D NMR, 2D NMR, and UV. The EtOAc and BuOH fractions of wild fennel were found to exhibit a radical scavenging activity higher than those of cultivated fennel. An in vitro method of rat hepatocytes monolayer culture was used for the investigation of hepatotoxic effects of the 80\% methanol extract on the wild and cultivated fennel, which were \>1000 and 1000 ΅g/mL, respectively. As well as, their hepatoprotective effect against the toxic effect of paracetamol (25 mM) was exerted at 12.5 ΅g/mL concentration. Conclusions: Fennel (F. Vulgare) is a widespread plant species commonly used as a spice and flavoring. The results obtained in this study indicated that the fennel (F. vulgare) herb is a potential source of natural antioxidant. Two phenolic compounds, i.e. 3,4-dihydroxy-phenethylalchohol-6-O-caffeoyl-β-d-glucopyranoside ( A ) and 3?,8?-binaringenin ( B ) were isolated from the fennel wild herb for the first time.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant (Apiaceae), Azoricum, Binaringenin, Foeniculum vulgare, Hepatoprotection, Phenolic compounds, Piperitum}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.94735}, author = {Mona T. M. Ghanem and Hany M. A. Radwan and El-Sayed M Mahdy and Yehya M Elkholy and Heba D Hassanein and Abdelaaty A Shahat} }