@article {1176, title = {Piper pedicellatum C. DC. Leaf Methanol Extract Inhibits Edema and Granuloma and Modulates Mediators and Cytokines in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {679-686}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {679}, abstract = {

Background: Piper pedicellatum is an ethnomedicinal plant used in various inflammatory conditions by many ethnic groups and exploration of its therapeutic potentials is imperative. Objective: This study was carried out to assess anti-inflammatory potential of the methanol extract of the plant leaves using in vivo experiments to validate the traditional uses. Materials and Methods: Carrageenan-induced paw edema and Cotton pellet-induced granuloma models were used to investigate into the anti-inflammatory potential of the plant extract in rats at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg dose. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) is used as reference standard. Serum levels of inflammatory markers and cytokines, hematological and serum hepatic enzyme indices were analyzed in granuloma-induced model. Results: The methanol extract suppressed Carrageenan-induced paw edema significantly at different time intervals. The highest percentage inhibition was observed at 3rd hr after Carrageenan injection, which was 42.67\% and 49.33\% for 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg dose of the extract respectively. In granuloma-induced model, the methanol extract at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg dose inhibited exudate formation by 28.58\% and 41.27\%, respectively and inhibition of granuloma tissue was 32.45\% and 43.71\%, respectively along with significant decrement in serum C-reactive protein, Prostaglandin E2, Tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-6 while increases in Interleukin-10 levels. Also, the results showed hematological and serum hepatic enzyme levels were rectified to near normal levels in treated rats. Conclusion: The outcome of the investigation reveals the potential of extract as possible anti-inflammatory agent, which can be develop into therapeutic agent or supplement and also necessitates further pharmacological studies on the plant.

}, keywords = {Cytokines, Edema, Granuloma, Interleukins, Piper pedicellatum C. DC}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.4.072}, author = {Dev Jyoti Kalita and Kangkan Deka and Ngurzampuii Sailo and Sanjoy Das and Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti} } @article {648, title = {Evaluation of Marine Brown Algae Sargassum ilicifolium Extract for Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {May 2013}, pages = {146-149}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {146}, abstract = {

Background\ : The methanolic extract of\ Sargassum ilicifolium\ (Pheophyceae) was used to evaluate its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in the present study.\ Materials and Methods:\ Analgesic activity was tested using Acetic acid writhing method and Eddy hot plate method in Male albino mice and Wister rats respectively at a dose level of 1, 10, 50, 100mg/kg p.o. At the same dose, its anti-inflammatory activity was also tested using Carrageenan induced rat paw edema method Result Acetic acid writhing test and Eddy{\textquoteright}s hot plate episodes were significantly and dose dependently reduced. Carrageenan (a standard inflammatory agent) induced paw edema in rats was significantly reduced after intraperitonal administration of methanolic extract.\ Results:\ showed dose dependant significant activity in comparison with standard and control.\ Conclusion:\ Methanolic extracts of the brown seaweeds\ Sargassum ilicifolium\ have potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity at moderate doses.

}, keywords = {Acetic acid Writhing, Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Carrageenan, Granuloma, Hot Plate, Paw edema, Sargassum Ilicifolium}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.112413 }, author = {Chandraraj C Simpi and Channabasappa V Nagathan and Santosh R Karajgi and Navanath V Kalyane} } @article {918, title = {A Study of the Anti-inflammatory Effect of the Leaves of Psidium guajava Linn. on Experimental Animal Models}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {November 2010}, pages = {313-317}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {313}, abstract = {

Introduction : The aim is to study the anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Psidium guajava (PGE) on experimental animal models. Materials and Methods : Fresh leaves were collected, air-dried, powdered, and percolated in 95\% ethanol. Acute toxicity test was done according to OECD guidelines. Four groups of animals of either sex, weighing 150-200g of the species Rattus norvegicus were taken for the study (n = 6). Group A was taken as control (3\% gum acacia in 10 mL/kg body weight), Group B as test group (PGE 250 mg/kg body weight), Group C as test group (PGE 500 mg/kg body weight), and Group D as standard (Aspirin 100 mg/kg body weight). The animals were studied for acute inflammation by Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, subacute inflammation by Granuloma pouch method, and chronic inflammation by Freund{\textquoteright}s adjuvant-induced arthritis method. Statistical analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance followed by multiple comparison tests. Results : In acute inflammation, there was significant inhibition of paw edema in Groups B, C, and D in comparison with Group A (P \< 0.05). In subacute inflammation, there was significant inhibition of exudate formation in Groups B, C, and D in comparison to Group A (P \< 0.05). In chronic inflammation, there was significant inhibition of paw edema and inhibition of weight reduction in Groups B, C, and D compared with Group A. Downregulation of arthritis index was also significant in Groups B, C, and D in comparison with Group A (P \< 0.05). Conclusion : The ethanolic extract of PGE has significant anti-inflammatory activity.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Arthritis, Carrageenan, Granuloma, Psidium guajava}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.72331}, author = {Sarmistha Dutta and Swarnamoni Das} }