@article {1398, title = {Exploring the Role of Phytoconstituents for Endocrine Disorder: A Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {402-410}, type = {Review Article }, chapter = {402}, abstract = {

The endocrine system consists of various glands responsible for secreting hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, reproduction, and other physiological processes. Disruptions in this system, termed endocrine disorders, are linked to numerous health issues, such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndromes. Moreover, the significance of factors such as life stage, gender and dietary habits in influencing health risks associated with endocrine disruption cannot be overstated. Synthetic medications for these conditions often have adverse side effects like hypoglycemia and heart complications, highlighting the need for alternative treatments. Herbal and natural remedies have shown promise in managing these disorders due to their lower toxicity and minimal side effects. Phytochemicals and poly-herbal therapies are emerging as effective strategies for addressing endocrine and metabolic disorders, influencing molecular targets like AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) and Nuclear factor erythroid-2- related factor (Nrf2). Specific disorders such as diabetes, Addison{\textquoteright}s disease, and hyperthyroidism are characterized by hormone imbalances, with molecular mechanisms involving insulin resistance, cortisol dysregulation, and thyroid dysfunction. Additionally, the role of factors such as life stage, gender, and dietary habits in modulating endocrine disruption-associated health risks is crucial. Natural products, including flavonoids, catechins, resveratrol, and terpenes, are being explored for their therapeutic potential in regulating hormone levels and improving metabolic health.

}, keywords = {AMPK, Cardiovascular diseases, Diabetes, Endocrine system, Herbal medicine, Hormone imbalance, Metabolic disorders, Natural Products, Obesity, Phytochemicals}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252070}, author = {Shweta Bhandari and Rahul Trivedi and Vishal Garg and Ajay Saini and Manish Gupta and Ram Singh} } @article {1086, title = {A New Cytotoxic Ceramide from Dalbergia boehmii Taub. Stem Bark}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {October 2022}, pages = {442-445}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {442}, abstract = {

Background: Dalbergia boehmii (Leguminosae), is a medicinal plant used in the Northen part of Cameroon, against digestive tract diseases and fever. Objectives: This work which is part of the search for bioactive molecules through natural products, aimed to isolate, characterize and evaluate the cytotoxicity of compounds from D. boehmii. Materials and Methods: Chemical investigations were carrying out on stem barks of Dalbergia boehmii using chromatographic techniques. Structures elucidation of isolated compounds were done using 1D and 2D NMR as well as EI-MS and literature data. Some isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro against MCF-7 cell lines for their cytotoxicity activity, using the MTT colorimetric method. Results: The chemical investigation leaded to the isolation of a new ceramide derivative named Dalbergiamide (1), a triterpene identified as olean-12-ene-3,11-dione (2) isolated here for the first time from Dalbergia genus, along with two known compounds, glucoside 3-O-β- D-sitosterol (3) and glucoside 3-O-β-D-stigmasterol (4). Compounds 1 and 2 were found to be cytotoxic at 50 μM with IC50 value of 17.13 μM and 35.52 {\textpm} 2.95 μM respectively. Conclusion: These promising results suggested more in-depth studies should be carried out on this plant in order to assess its potential in the fight against cancer

}, keywords = {cytotoxicity, Dalbergia boehmii, MCF-7, Natural Products}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.4.64}, author = {Jean Pierre Abdou and Jean No{\"e}l Nyemb and Jean Momeni and Atikou Fadimatou and Abel Jo{\"e}l Yaya Gbaweng and Jean Paul Tsopmejio and Guidawa Fawa and Muhammad I. Choudhary} } @article {649, title = {Hepatoprotective Effect of Commercial Herbal Extracts on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Damage in Wistar Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {May 2013}, pages = { 150-156}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {150}, abstract = {

Background\ : Various hepatoprotective herbal products from plants are available in Mexico, where up to 85\% of patients with liver disease use some form of complementary and alternative medicine. However, only few studies have reported on the biological evaluation of these products.\ Objective\ : Using a model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4\ )-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, we evaluated the effects of commercial herbal extracts used most commonly in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico.\ Materials andMethods\ : The commercial products were identified through surveys in public areas. The effect of these products given with or without CCl4\ in rats was evaluated by measuring the serum concentrations of aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT), and histopathological analysis. Legalon{\textregistered}\ was used as the standard drug.\ Results\ : The most commonly used herbal products were Hepatisan{\textregistered}\ capsules, Boldo capsules, Hepavida{\textregistered}\ capsules, Boldo infusion, and milk thistle herbal supplement (80\% silymarin). None of the products tested was hepatotoxic according to transaminase and histological analyses. AST and ALT activities were significantly lower in the Hepavida+CCl4\ -treated group as compared with the CCl4\ -only group. AST and ALT activities in the silymarin, Hepatisan, and Boldo tea groups were similar to those in the CCl4\ group. The CCl4\ group displayed submassive confluent necrosis and mixed inflammatory infiltration. Both the Hepatisan+CCl4\ and Boldo tea+CCl4\ groups exhibited ballooning degeneration, inflammatory infiltration, and lytic necrosis. The silymarin+CCl4\ group exhibited microvesicular steatosis. The Hepavida+CCl4\ - and Legalon+CCL4\ -treated groups had lower percentages of necrotic cells as compared with the CCl4\ -treated group; this treatment was hepatoprotective against necrosis.\ Conclusion\ : Only Hepavida had a hepatoprotective effect.

}, keywords = {Alanine Transferase, Aspartate Transferase, Hepatoprotection, Liver Injury, Natural Products}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.112417 }, author = {Paula Cordero-P{\'e}rez and Liliana Torres-Gonz{\'a}lez and Marcelino Aguirre-Garza and Carlos Camara-Lemarroy and Francisco Guzm{\'a}n-de la Garza and Gabriela Alarc{\'o}n-Galv{\'a}n and Homero Zapata-Chavira and Ma de Jes{\'u}s Sotelo-Gallegos and Cipactli Nadjedja Torres-Esquivel and Ethel S{\'a}nchez-Fresno and Daniel Cant{\'u}-Sep{\'u}lveda and Gerardo Gonz{\'a}lez-Saldivar and Judith Bernal-Ramirez and Linda E u{\~n}oz-Espinosa} } @article {640, title = {Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Endophytes from Pharmaceutical Agarwood-producing Aquilaria Species}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {April 2013}, pages = {134-137}, type = {Short Communication }, chapter = {134}, abstract = {

Background:\ Resins and gums are used in traditional medicine and do have potential applications in pharmacy and medicine. Agarwood is the fragrant resinous wood, which is an important commodity from\ Aquilaria\ species and has been used as a sedative, analgesic, and digestive in traditional medicine. Endophytic bacteria are potentially important in producing pharmaceutical compounds found in the plants. Hence, it was important to understand which types of endophytic bacteria are associated with pharmaceutical agarwood-producing\ Aquilaria\ species.\ Objective:\ This study was undertaken to isolate and identify endophytic bacteria associated with agarwood-producing seven (7)\ Aquilaria\ species from Malaysia.\ Materials and Methods:\ Botanical samples of seven\ Aquilaria\ species were collected, and endophytic bacteria were isolated from surface-sterilized-tissue samples. The 16S rRNA gene fragments were amplified using PCR method, and endophytic bacterial isolates (EBIs) were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity based method.\ Results:\ Culturable, 77 EBIs were analyzed, and results of 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis suggest that 18 different types of endophytic bacteria are associated with (seven)\ Aquilaria\ species. From 77 EBIs, majority (36.4\%) of the isolates were of\ Bacillus pumilus.\ Conclusion:\ These findings indicate that agarwood-producing\ Aquilaria\ species are harboring 18 different types of culturable endophytic bacteria.

}, keywords = {16S rRNA, Biodiversity, Endophytes, Malaysia, Medicine, Natural Products, Ribosomal DNA, Traditional medicine}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.110545 }, author = {Subhash J Bhore and Jagadesan Preveena and Kodi I Kandasamy} } @article {732, title = {Antifouling Alkaloids from Crinum augustum (Amaryllidaceae)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {1}, year = {2009}, month = {January 2010 }, pages = {43-52}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {43}, abstract = {

Fractionation and purification of the ethanolic extract of the bulbs of Crinum augustum Rox. (Amaryllidaceae) cultivated in Egypt yielded five alkaloids 6-methoxy-crinamine (1), crinamine (2), buphanisine (3), ungeremine (4), and hippadine (5); two fatty acid derivatives: myristic acid ethyl ester (6) and palmitic acid ethyl ester (7); four terpenoidal and steroidal compounds: ursolic acid (8), \%-sitosterol-O- \% glucopyranoside (9) and mixture of \%- sitosterol (10) and stigmasterol (11). The structures of all compounds were determined by interpretation of their spectroscopic data; 1D (1H and 13C), 2D (HSQC, COSY, DQF, NOE and HMBC) NMR; MS and UV analyses. The compounds (1-4) and (6-8) were tested towards biofouling activity using larvae of barnacle Balance amphitrie. Significant activities of 1, 2 and 3 with EC50 1.8, 1.2 and 0.75 :g/mL respectively, were observed.

}, keywords = {Amaryllidaceous, Anti-fouling, Crinum augustum, Natural Products}, author = {John Refaat and Ahmed Abdel-Lateff and Mohamed S. Kamel and Ahmed A. Ali and Mahmoud A. Ramadan and Tatsufumi Okino and Yasuyuki Nogata} } @article {833, title = {Preparation of Philippine Plant Extract Libraries for High- Throughput Screening}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {1}, year = {2009}, month = {January 2010 }, pages = {228-230}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {228}, abstract = {

Various terrestrial plants were collected from different places in the Philippines. The dried samples were then soaked in methanol and partitioned using modified Kupchan method. Portions of the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions were treated for the removal of polyphenols. Dried methanolic, hexane, ethyl acetate, aqueous fractions and portions treated for polyphenols were weighed and dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to give a concentration of 5mg/ml. Philippine Plant Library I, with 200 wells and Philippine Plant Library II, which has 628 wells, are currently deposited at the Institute of Chemistry and Cell Biology Screening Facility at Harvard Medical School are continuously being subjected to different assays.

}, keywords = {High-throughput screen, Natural Products, Plant extracts}, doi = {Nil}, author = {Chichioco-Hernandez Christine L and Villase{\~n}or Irene M} }