@article {91, title = {Inhibitory Actions of Lupinifolin Isolated from Derris reticulata Stem against Carbohydrate-Digesting Enzymes}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2020}, pages = {102-106}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {102}, abstract = {

Background: Postprandial hyperglycemia is linked with the development of diabetic complications. Inhibition against the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, specifically pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase, delays carbohydrate digestion and subsides postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) levels. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effects of lupinifolin, purified from Derris reticulata stem, a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, on in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme activities and enzyme kinetics. Subjects and Methods: The identification of the isolated phytochemical was performed using nuclear magnetic resonance{\textendash}mass spectrometry (NMR-MS) spectrometry. In vitro pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities and enzyme kinetics were determined using the enzymatic colorimetric methods. Results: The purified phytochemical was identified as lupinifolin from the NMR-MS spectrometry. The isolated lupinifolin produced a significant α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory actions with the median inhibitory concentrations of 3.43 {\textpm} 0.77 and 56.29 {\textpm} 11.64 μg/mL, respectively. The study of enzyme kinetics showed that lupinifolin exhibited the mode of non-competitive and mixed enzyme inhibitions against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Conclusion: The potent α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory actions of lupinifolin derived from D. reticulata stem evidently suggest its potential use as an alternative for the control of PPG.

}, keywords = {Derris reticulate, Diabetes mellitus, Lupinifolin, α-amylase, α-glucosidase}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_117_19}, author = {Pawitra Pulbutr and Pichnatcha Nantana and Surabot Suksabai and Chawannuch Mudjupa and Rattazart Denchai and Sakulrat Rattanakiat and Taweesak Dhammaraj} } @article {163, title = {Biological Screening of Tri-Jannarose as a Recipe from Thai Traditional Medicine}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {April 2019}, pages = {110-114}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {110}, abstract = {

Context: Tri-Jannarose (TJ) is a Thai traditional medicine recipe, the ingredients of which are betel palm seed (Areca catechu L.), Siamese neem tree root (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), and heart-leaved moonseed vines (Tinospora cordifolia [Thunb.] Miers). The equal mixture of three plants indicated to treatment of antipyretic, diuretic, expectorate, nourishment and appetizing. Aims: Phytochemical screening, antioxidant, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of TJ using different extractions were evaluated. Materials and Methods: The three plants of recipe were extracted using different solvents such as aqueous extract (ATJ), 50\% ethanolic extract (HETJ), and 95\% ethanolic extract (ETJ). The phytochemical screening was determined by total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid contents. The anti-oxidation were tested using by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) radical scavenging and 2,2 -azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS+) assay. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was determined for glucose transferase mechanism. Results: Phytochemical screening found that this recipe had both phenolic and flavonoid substances. The ETJ (IC50 = 0.0463 {\textpm} 0.002) was exerted on antioxidation higher than HETJ and ATJ (IC50 = 0.0511 {\textpm} 0.000 and 0.1485 {\textpm} 0.005 mg/mL). Surprisingly, ABTS+ assay, ETJ (IC50 = 0.015 {\textpm} 0.000 mg/mL), and HETJ (IC50 = 0.022 {\textpm} 0.000 mg/mL) showed high effect on free radical scavenging activity than the standard controls, ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.025 {\textpm} 0.001 mg/mL), and Trolox (IC50 = 0.032 {\textpm} 0.001 mg/mL). The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity found that all of the extract including ATJ (IC50 = 0.0127{\textpm}0.02 mg/mL), ETJ (IC50 = 0.0154{\textpm}0.01 mg/mL) and ETJ (IC50 = 0.0202{\textpm}0.01 mg/mL) were more potent to inhibit α-glucosidase emzyme than acarbose (IC50 =0.745{\textpm}0.026 mg/mL) as a positive control. Conclusion: The pharmaceutical preliminary scarring was confirmed to treatment on Thai traditional medicine. The recipe composed with phenolic compounds and flavonoids contents which chemical substance were more potent anti-oxidation, and bittersweet flavor was stronger to α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Phytochemical screening, Thai traditional medicine, Tri-Jannarose, α-glucosidase}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_178_18}, author = {Ladachart Taepongsorat and Ampa Konsue} } @article {549, title = {Antihyperglycemic Potential of Saponin-enriched Fraction from Pithecellobium dulce Benth. Seed Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {December 2017}, pages = {s23-s26}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s26}, abstract = {

Background: Indian traditional system of medicine uses Pithecellobium dulce for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Objectives: This study aims to develop an extract rich in saponins derived from seeds of the plant and to evaluate its antihyperglycemic potential in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: Defatted seeds were extracted with methanol and processed to afford saponin-enriched fraction (Pithecellobium dulce saponin-enriched fraction [PDSEF]). This fraction was evaluated for its potential to inhibit enzymes such as α-glucosidase and α-amylase, in vitro. The fraction was subjected to oral toxicity study followed by in vivo sucrose tolerance test. An analytical high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for fingerprinting of the fraction. Results: The method adopted for enrichment of saponins was robust enough to enrich saponin content to 96.37\% {\textpm}1.21\% w/w. PDSEF displayed superior inhibition of enzymes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC50 of 5.12 {\textpm} 0.15 {\textmu}g/ml and 17.28 {\textpm} 0.23 {\textmu}g/ml, respectively) compared to acarbose. It was found to be safe in mice up to 2000 mg/kg and significantly prevented blood glucose level in sucrose tolerance test by inhibiting enzymes responsible for hydrolysis of sucrose. Conclusion: PDSEF displayed excellent antihyperglycemic activity in vitro and in vivo and should be evaluated further to develop it as a promising drug for the management of diabetes mellitus.

}, keywords = {Antihyperglycemic, Pithecellobium dulce, saponins, α-amylase, α-glucosidase}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_18_17}, author = {Mahesh Kumar and Jeyabalan Govindrajan and Narendra Kumar Nyola} }