@article {1265, title = {Extraction, Quantification and Anti-Cancer Activity of Important Secondary Metabolite {\textquotedblleft}Shatavarin-IV{\textquotedblright} from in vitro Callus Culture of Asparagus racemosus Willd.}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {558-569}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {558}, abstract = {

Objectives: This study investigates the in vitro efficient pathway for the callus induction from nodal explant and isolation of the Shatavarin-IV from the callus extract from fresh callus and Dry callus. The effect of Shatavarin IV was examined on the Human lung carcinoma cell line. Gene expression study was carried out using a specific primer to conform weather it is anticancer compound or not. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 2,4-D and Kn were used for the direct callus induction. Callus culture, organogenesis and cell culture are used to harvest secondary metabolites. Quantification of Shatavarin-IV was performed using a TLC scanner at a wavelength of 425 nm. HPTLC analysis was performed to quantitatively determine the presence of Shatavarin-IV in Fresh Callus (FC), Dry Callus (DC) and Root Extract (RE). The mobile phase used for HPTLC analysis was ethyl acetate: methanol: water: formic acid (7.5:1.5:1:0.2 v/v). Extraction was carried out using 80\% methanol and the extract was filtered. The extract was then analyzed using HPTLC methods. Further, the effect of Shatavarin-IV was studied on the human lung carcinoma cell line NCI-H23. The end result of cell cytotoxicity was analyzed using MTT dye. To, confirm whether the cell expressed an apoptotic gene or not RTPCR studies were been carried out. Results: The best hormonal combination for callus induction from nodal explant was found 11.31 μM 2,4-D combined with 4.64 μM Kn on MS as basal media. Shatavarin-IV accumulation in dry callus was 0.0305\% w/w, wild-grown plant root extract showed 0.01732\% w/w and in fresh callus presence of Shatavarin-IV was 0.0012\% w/w. IC50 of the Shatavarin-IV was 0.8 Micromolar dissolved in DMSO. Gene expression study reflects the multifold increase of the BAX and decrease of BCL2, concluded interpreted as Shatavarin-IV causes apoptotic gene expression. Conclusion: It was concluded that, Shatavarin IV reduced the expression of BCL2 and increase BAX expression which positive sign that Shatavarin IV act as an anticancer compound. Shatavarin IV can be isolated from the in vitro callus culture, which can be alternative of whole plant that was exploited for its medicinal properties. (Schematic Abstract).

}, keywords = {Antiproliferative, Dry Callus, Fresh Callus, Gene expression, Phylloclade, Shatavarin-IV}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.3.66}, author = {Dinesh Vasava and Poonam Bhagriya, Abhishek Tote and Keyur Sindhava, Nitin Solanki} } @article {585, title = {Antiproliferative and phytochemical analyses of leaf extracts of ten Apocynaceae species}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {3}, year = {2011}, month = {June,2011}, pages = {100-106}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {100}, abstract = {

Background: The anticancer properties of Apocynaceae species are well known in barks and roots but less so in leaves. Materials and Methods: In this study, leaf extracts of 10 Apocynaceae species were assessed for antiproliferative (APF) activities using the sulforhodamine B assay. Their extracts were also analyzed for total alkaloid content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), and radical scavenging activity (RSA) using the Dragendorff precipitation, Folin-Ciocalteu, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, respectively. Results: Leaf extracts of Alstonia angustiloba, Calotropis gigantea, Catharanthus roseus, Nerium oleander, Plumeria obtusa, and Vallaris glabra displayed positive APF activities. Extracts of Allamanda cathartica, Cerbera odollam, Dyera costulata, and Kopsia fruticosa did not show any APF activity. Dichloromethane (DCM) extract of C. gigantea, and DCM and DCM:MeOH extracts of V. glabra showed strong APF activities against all six human cancer cell lines. Against breast cancer cells of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, DCM extracts of C. gigantea and N. oleander were stronger than or comparable to standard drugs of xanthorrhizol, curcumin, and tamoxifen. All four extracts of N. oleander were effective against MCF-7 cells. Extracts of Kopsia fruticosa had the highest TAC while those of Dyera costulata had the highest TPC and RSA. Extracts of C. gigantea and V. glabra inhibited the growth of all six cancer cell lines while all extracts of N. oleander were effective against MCF-7 cells. Conclusion: Extracts of C. gigantea, V. glabra, and N. oleander therefore showed great promise as potential candidates for anticancer drugs. The wide-spectrum APF activities of these three species are reported for the first time and their bioactive compounds warrant further investigation.

}, keywords = {Antiproliferative, Apocynaceae, radical scavenging, Total alkaloid content, Total phenolic content}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.81957}, author = {Siu Kuin Wong and Yau Yan Lim, and Noor Rain Abdullah and Fariza Juliana Nordin} }