@article {561, title = {Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of a methanol extract from Vitellaria paradoxa stem bark}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {October 2015}, pages = {367-377}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {367}, abstract = {

Background: Vitellaria paradoxa is a traditional medicinal plant of Cameroon. Several studies on this plant have focused on the cosmetic profile of its fruits. The present study focuses on the anti-inflammatory potency of stem barks extract of this plant. Objectives: The objective was to evaluate the effect of methanolic extract of V. paradoxa (VPME) stem barks on inflammatory response in rats. Materials and Methods: Anti-inflammatory effects of VPME were evaluated in acute and chronic (28 days) inflammation induced in Wistar albino rats. The effects on hyperalgesia and locomotors activity were also quantified. The relative weight of lymphoid organs was obtained as well as some hematological parameters. Results: In the carrageenan-induced inflammation, VPME (75 mg/kg) exhibited a significant (66.67\%) inhibition after 1 hr. On the complete Freund{\textquoteright}s adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis, VPME showed a significant protective effect with 8.12\% inflammation against 25.00\% for the control group after 2 days of the treatment. The extract (75 and 150 mg/kg) significantly reduced the score of arthritis with a maximum obtained on day 19th of the experimentation. There was a significant increase in the reaction time of rats on the hot plate as well as the exploratory activities of the animals in the open field. This extract significantly prevented weight, hemoglobin and red blood cells losses, and spleen hypertrophy. A protective action against skin destruction and cartilage erosion was evident. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the extract revealed the presence of catechins. Conclusion: These findings suggested that V. paradoxa may contribute to the reduction of the inflammatory response.

}, keywords = {Arthritis, Catechin, Hematological parameters, Hyperalgesia, Inflammation, Vitellaria paradoxa.}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.159569}, author = {Harquin Simplice Foyet and David Emery Tsala and Zogo Essono Bodo J.C and Azanfack Name Carine and Lissia Toussoumna Heroyne and Eyong Kenneth Oben} } @article {568, title = {Hematological effects of repeated graded doses of the methanol extract of Paullinia pinnata (Linn.) leaves in Wistar albino rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {June 2015}, pages = {34-38}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {34}, abstract = {

Background: Paullinia pinnata is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of various diseases, including anemia in West Africa. Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of increasing doses of the methanolic leaves extract of P. pinnata on hematological parameters in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were grouped into six groups of six animals each. Five doses; 50,100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight of the P. pinnata extract were administered separately to five groups. The sixth group served as a control and received only the vehicle (70\% physiological saline: 30\% Tween 80 [v/v]). Administration was done orally daily for 28 days at 24 h interval. On day 29, the animals were made inactive, blood was then collected from the heart and various hematological parameters were evaluated. Statistical Analysis: Analysis of variance was employed. Results: The packed cell volume and red blood cell count increased significantly (P \< 0.05) in the treatment groups except at 200 mg/kg dose. The hemoglobin concentration increased in all the treatment groups. The values for the neutrophils at 50, 100, 200 and 800 mg/kg doses were higher than that of the control. The white blood cell count increased significantly (P \< 0.05) at 50 and 400 mg/kg doses compared to the control and exceeded the normal physiological range. Conclusion: The maximum tolerable dose is 200 mg/kg body weight of the methanolic leaves extract of P. pinnata and the extract has anti-anemic property with the ability to increase neutrophils count.

}, keywords = {Erythropoiesis, Hematological parameters, Neutrophils, Paullinia pinnata}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.150522}, author = {Oluwatoyin A Adeyemo-Salami and Emmanuel O Ewuola} }